Overview
Arrow pointing down
Vulnerable

Native Speakers Worldwide

>15,000?

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Community Members

    No members

Revitalization Programs

No programs

Discussion Forum

    Comments are not currently available for this post.

Language Information By Source

North America
Arrow pointing down
Vulnerable

Native Speakers Worldwide

>15,000?

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

14,000-15,000 in Arizona; many additional speakers in Mexico.

Year of info

2008

Location and Context

Countries

USA, Arizona; Mexico;

Coordinates

No data

Location description

Between 14,000 and 15,000 fluent speakers of all ages in Arizona, and many additional speakers in Mexico. Most Akimel O’odham speakers live on the Gila River, Salt River, and Ak Chin Reservations, in the vicinity of Phoenix. Most Tohono O’odham speakers in the United States live on the Papago Reservation in southern Arizona west of Tucson; there are also speakers on the San Xavier and Gila Bend Reservations.

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

Between 14,000 and 15,000 fluent speakers of all ages in Arizona, and many additional speakers in Mexico. Most Akimel O’odham speakers live on the Gila River, Salt River, and Ak Chin Reservations, in the vicinity of Phoenix. Most Tohono O’odham speakers in the United States live on the Papago Reservation in southern Arizona west of Tucson; there are also speakers on the San Xavier and Gila Bend Reservations.

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

English

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Vulnerable

Native Speakers Worldwide

30,094

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2010

Location and Context

Countries

USA, Arizona; Mexico;

Coordinates

31.9186,-111.8798

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

No data

Native Speakers Worldwide

No data

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2010

Location and Context

Countries

USA, Arizona; Mexico;

Coordinates

33.059,-112.0479; 31.9186,-111.8798

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Threatened

Native Speakers Worldwide

>9,600

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

20,000

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

9,600 in United States (2000 census), decreasing. 181 monolinguals (1990 census). Ethnic population data: (1977 SIL).

Year of info

2009

Location and Context

Countries

USA, Arizona; Mexico;

Coordinates

No data

Location description

South central Arizona. 60 villages on 7 reservations.

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

South central Arizona. 60 villages on 7 reservations.

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Threatened

Native Speakers Worldwide

14,094

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

14,000 (Golla 2007). Ethnic population: 33,000 (Ichihashi-Nakayama 2004). Including 20,000 Papago, 13,000 Pima (Ichihashi-Nakayama 2004).

Year of info

2016

Location and Context

Countries

USA: Arizona

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Vulnerable

Native Speakers Worldwide

14,000-15,000

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2007

Location and Context

Countries

USA, Arizona; Mexico;

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

No data

Native Speakers Worldwide

No data

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2005

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

32.0,-112.0

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Vulnerable

Native Speakers Worldwide

11,819

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Media Resources

No resources

No resources

No resources

Filter By

No programs

  1. A Sketch of the Structure of Oob No'ok (Mountain Pima)
    Shaul, David Leedom. 1994. "A Sketch of the Structure of Oob No'ok (Mountain Pima)." In Anthropological Linguistics, 36 , no. 3: 277-365.
  2. Topics in Nevome syntax
    Shaul, David Leedom. 1986. "Topics in Nevome Syntax." University of California Press.
  3. A Papago Grammar
    Zepeda, Ofelia. 1983. "A Papago Grammar." The University of Arizona Press.
  4. Papago
    Saxton, Dean. 1982. "Papago." In Uto-Aztecan Grammatical Sketches, edited by Ronald Langacker. 3: 93-266. Summer Institute of Linguistics.
  5. Information structuring in Papago narrative discourse
    Payne, Doris. 1987. "Information Structuring in Papago Narrative Discourse." In Language, 63: 783-804.
  6. A Grammar of Nevome
    Shaul, David Leedom. 1982. "A Grammar of Nevome."
  7. Dictionary Papago and Pima to English, English to Papago and Pima
    Saxton, Dean and Lucille (compilers Saxton. 1969. "Dictionary Papago and Pima To English, English To Papago and Pima." The University of Arizona Press.
  8. Papago phonemes
    Saxton, Dean. 1963. "Papago Phonemes." In International Journal of American Linguistics, 29: 29-35.
  9. A Papago Grammar
    Hale, K. 1959. "A Papago Grammar."
  10. A Papago Grammar
    Zepeda, Ofelia. 1982. "A Papago Grammar." Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
  11. Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled by research teams at University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute for Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) at Eastern Michigan University
    2012. "Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled By Research Teams At University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute For Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) At Eastern Michigan University."
  12. Papago
    Saxton, Dean. 1982. "Papago." In Studies in Uto-Aztecan grammar 3: Uto-Aztecan grammatical sketches, edited by Ronald W. Langacker. 93-266. 56(3): Summer Institute of Linguistics Publications in Linguistics.
  13. Textos y Gramática del Pima Bajo
    H., Roberto Escalante and Zarina Estrada Fernández. 1993. "Textos Y Gramática Del Pima Bajo." Sonora: Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo.
  14. North America
    Golla, Victor. 2007. "North America." In Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages, edited by C. Moseley. 1-96. London & New York: Routledge.
  15. The World Atlas of Language Structures
    2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.
  16. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)
    Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)
    http://www.ethnologue.com/
  17. North America
    Victor Golla, Ives Goddard, Lyle Campbell, Marianne Mithun and Mauricio Mixco. 2008. "North America." In Atlas of the World's Languages, edited by Chris Moseley and Ron Asher. 7-41. Routledge.
  18. Endangered Languages of the United States
    Christopher Rogers, Naomi Palosaari and Lyle Campbell. 2010. "Endangered Languages of the United States." In Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger of Disappearing, edited by Christopher Moseley. 108-130. UNESCO.
  19. World Oral Literature Project
    "World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.
    http://www.oralliterature.org
  20. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger
    Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)
    http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas