Manchu
Man; Mandschurisch; Mandschu; Mantischeou; Chinesische Tatarn; 滿語
Tungusic; Southern Tungusic; Jurchenic
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Chinese
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Recent Resources
十二字头
1913年,蒙汉满文三合,教科书
1913年,蒙汉满文三合,教科书
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~5,000,000
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The official number [of the ethnic population] has fluctuated greatly depending on the ethnopolitical circumstances in the country.
2000
Location and Context
China
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Originally scattered all over historical Manchuria, China, with small remnant groups of speakers today preserved in the Aihui region (in the middle Amur basin) and Fuyu county (in the Nonni basin) of the province of Heilongjiang, as well as, possibly, in some localities within the province of Liaoning; linguistically assimilated groups and individuals identifying themselves with the Manchu nationality are registered in all parts of China.
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Manchu script
Originally scattered all over historical Manchuria, China, with small remnant groups of speakers today preserved in the Aihui region (in the middle Amur basin) and Fuyu county (in the Nonni basin) of the province of Heilongjiang, as well as, possibly, in some localities within the province of Liaoning; linguistically assimilated groups and individuals identifying themselves with the Manchu nationality are registered in all parts of China.
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Degree of speakers' competence: mainly rudimentary, with some non-fluent individuals still preserving a passive knowledge of the language; the knowledge of Written Manchu is somewhat more common among educated individuals, but Chinese is the sole everyday language used for both oral and literary purposes.
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some
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20
10,682,262
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2007
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Heilongjiang Province, China
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Three remote villages in the northwest of Heilongjiang 黑龍江 Province: two south of Heihe 黑河 and one north of Qiqihar 齊齊哈爾
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Three remote villages in the northwest of Heilongjiang 黑龍江 Province: two south of Heihe 黑河 and one north of Qiqihar 齊齊哈爾
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10,682,262
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Data for the number of native speakers comes from A. Zhao (1999). Data for the ethnic population comes from the 2000 census.
2009
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China
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2005
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49.5,127.5
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- 瀕危語言：滿語、赫哲語共時研究 [Endangered languages a synchronic study of the Manchu and Hezhe languages]Zhao, Aping 趙阿平, Mengxiu Guo 郭孟秀, and Xuejuan He 何學娟. 2013. 瀕危語言：滿語、赫哲語共時研究 [Endangered languages a synchronic study of the Manchu and Hezhe languages]. Beijing: Social Science Academic Press 社會科學文獻出版社. [in Chinese]
- Manchu-English Online DictionaryShimunek, Andrew. 2001. "Manchu-English Online Dictionary." Online: http://home.talkcity.com/IvyHall/anzhu/manchu_.http://home.talkcity.com/IvyHall/anzhu/manchu_dictionary.htm
- Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled by research teams at University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute for Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) at Eastern Michigan University2012. "Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled By Research Teams At University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute For Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) At Eastern Michigan University."
- UNESCO RED BOOK ON ENDANGERED LANGUAGES: NORTHEAST ASIAJuha Janhunen; Tapani Salminen. 2000. "UNESCO RED BOOK ON ENDANGERED LANGUAGES: NORTHEAST ASIA." Online: http://www.helsinki.fi/~tasalmin/nasia_report.htmlhttp://www.helsinki.fi/~tasalmin/nasia_report.html
- Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)http://www.ethnologue.com/
- World Oral Literature Project"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.http://www.oralliterature.org
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