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Ainu (Japan)

Also Known As

Ainu Itak; Aynu itak; Kurili; アイヌ　イタㇰ; アイヌ語;

Classification

Isolate

Orthography

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Language code (ISO 639-3)

ain

Variants & Dialects

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Critically Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

2

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An Ainu-English-Japan

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@ilr19
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Ainu Man Performing T

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@cwckiatomicfartz
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AinuSetMeal.jpg - Caf

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Ainu for Beginners

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Language Information By Source

Personal Communication
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Personal Communication
Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger
Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)
Personal Communication on Ainu (Japan)
Peter K Austin's top 10 endangered languages
The World Atlas of Language Structures
World Oral Literature Project
Critically Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

2

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

Few people in Nibutani area know isolated words and phrases

Year of info

Location and Context

Countries

Japan

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers’s attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Severely Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

15

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2010

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

47.3983,142.2949

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers’s attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Severely Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

15

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

15 native speakers in Japan (1996 A. Vovin). Ethnic population: 15,000 in Japan.

Year of info

2009

Location and Context

Countries

Japan; Russia

Coordinates

No data

Location description

Kuril Islands (Tsishima), Hokkaido.

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers’s attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

Kuril Islands (Tsishima), Hokkaido.

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Critically Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

10

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

10

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

There are several hundred heritage language learners of Ainu.

Year of info

2012

Location and Context

Countries

Japan

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers’s attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Critically Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

No data

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2008

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers’s attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

No data

Native Speakers Worldwide

No data

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2005

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

43.0,143.0

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers’s attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Severely Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

15

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers’s attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Media Resources

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  1. The Ainu Language: The Morphology and Syntax of the Shizunai Dialect
    Refsing, Kirsten. 1986. "The Ainu Language: The Morphology and Syntax of the Shizunai Dialect." Aarhus: Aarhus University Press.
  2. A Topical Dictionary of Conversational Ainu.
    National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics. 2015. A Topical Dictionary of Conversational Ainu. http://ainutopic.ninjal.ac.jp/
    http://ainutopic.ninjal.ac.jp/
  3. Southern Hokkaido Ainu
  4. Reciprocals and sociatives in Ainu
    Alpatov, Vladimir M., Anna Ju. Bugaeva and Vladimir P. Nedjalkov. 2007. "Reciprocals and Sociatives in Ainu." In Typology of reciprocal constructions, edited by Vladimir (with the assistance of Emma Geniusiene Nedjalkov and Zlatka Guentcheva). 1751-1822. Benjamins.
  5. The Ainu Language
    Tamura, Suzuko. 1988. "The Ainu Language." Sanseido.
  6. Ainu-Grammatik. Volume 1: Texte und Hinweise
    Dettmer, H. A. 1989. "Ainu-Grammatik. Volume 1: Texte Und Hinweise." Harrassowitz.
  7. The Ainu Language
    Tamura, Suzuko. 2000. "The Ainu Language." 2: Sanseido.
  8. Hokkaido Ainu phonemics
    Simeon, G. 1969. "Hokkaido Ainu Phonemics." In Journal of the American Oriental Society, 89: 751-757.
  9. The Languages of Japan
    Shibatani, Masayoshi. 1990. "The Languages of Japan." Cambridge University Press.
  10. The Genetic Relationship of the Ainu Language
    Patrie, James. 1982. "The Genetic Relationship of the Ainu Language." University of Hawaii Press.
  11. The Ainu Language
    Tamura, Suzuko. 2000. "The Ainu Language." Tokyo: Sanseido.
  12. Ainu
    Svensson, Tom G. 1999. "Ainu." In The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Hunters and Gatherers, edited by Richard B. Lee and Richard Daly. 132-136. Cambridge University Press.
  13. Ainu
    Shibatani, M. 1990. "Ainu." In The Languages of Japan, edited by M. Shibatani. Cambridge University Press.
  14. Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled by research teams at University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute for Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) at Eastern Michigan University
    2012. "Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled By Research Teams At University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute For Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) At Eastern Michigan University."
  15. The Genetic Relationship of the Ainu Language
    Patrie, James. 1982. "The Genetic Relationship of the Ainu Language." 17: University of Hawai'i Press.
  16. The linguistic situation on Sakhalin Island
    Gruzdeva, E. Yu. 1996. "The Linguistic Situation On Sakhalin Island." In Atlas of Languages of Intercultural Communication in the Pacific, Asia, and the Americas, edited by Stephen A. Wurm et al.. II.2: 1007-1012. Mouton de Gruyter.
  17. Grammar and folklore texts of the Chitose dialect of Ainu: (idiolect of Ito Oda)
    Bugaeva, Anna. 2004. "Grammar and Folklore Texts of the Chitose Dialect of Ainu: (idiolect of Ito Oda)." A2-045: vii+487. Osaka, Japan: Endangered Languages of the Pacific Rim.
  18. An Ainu-English-Japanese Dictionary (Including a grammar of the Ainu Language)
    Batchelor, John. 1905. "An Ainu-English-Japanese Dictionary (Including a Grammar of the Ainu Language)." Tokyo: Methodist Publishing House.
  19. The Evenki language from Yenisei to Sakhalin
    Atknine, Victor. 1997. "The Evenki Language From Yenisei To Sakhalin." In Northern Minority Languages: Problems of Survival, 44: 109-121. Osaka: National Museum of Ethnology.
  20. Personal Communication on Ainu (Japan)
    David Solnit. 2012. "Personal Communication on Ainu (Japan)."
  21. Personal Communication
    Dr. Alexander "Sasha" Vovin. "Personal Communication."
  22. The World Atlas of Language Structures
    2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.
  23. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger
    Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)
    http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas
  24. Peter K Austin's top 10 endangered languages
    Austin, Peter. 2008. "Peter K Austin's Top 10 Endangered Languages." In The Guardian, Online: http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2008/aug/27/endangered.languages.
    http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2008/aug/27/endangered.languages
  25. World Oral Literature Project
    "World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.
    http://www.oralliterature.org
  26. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)
    Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)
    http://www.ethnologue.com/
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