Overview
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Vulnerable

Native Speakers Worldwide

~7000

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Community Members

    No members

Revitalization Programs

No programs

Discussion Forum

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Language Information By Source

Language attitudes of the T'rung
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Vulnerable

Native Speakers Worldwide

~7000

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

7,426 (as of 2000 census)

Non-monolingual speakers

all

More about speakers

"almost all ethnic T’rung speak the language to some degree"

Year of info

2009

Location and Context

Countries

China

Coordinates

No data

Location description

Gongshan Nu and Dulong Autonomous County of Yunnan Province

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

positive

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

roman scripts

Other writing systems

Gongshan Nu and Dulong Autonomous County of Yunnan Province

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

Lisu; (Southwestern) Mandarin

Domains of other languages

official domains or inter-group communication

More on context

"Broadly speaking, the T’rung see their language as closely bound up with their ethnic identity, but they are grappling with a growing awareness of how severely limited its use is beyond their own villages. The region’s recent development and increasing communication with the wider world have opened up differing viewpoints in the community, especially on the basis of age and gender. Current patterns suggest that language shift will take place if outsiders continue entering and altering the community at the current rate, and that even entirely T’rung villages are starting to use a language variety under heavier and heavier Chinese and Lisu influence." (p. 92)

Threatened

Native Speakers Worldwide

<10,000

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2008

Location and Context

Countries

Yunnan Province, China

Coordinates

No data

Location description

Gongshan Nu and Dulong Autonomous County, along Nu and Dulong Rivers

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

Gongshan Nu and Dulong Autonomous County, along Nu and Dulong Rivers

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Vulnerable

Native Speakers Worldwide

14,000

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

"95% monolingual. 8,500 in Nu River dialect, 5,500 in Dulong River dialect."

Year of info

2009

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

No data

Native Speakers Worldwide

No data

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2005

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

28.0,98.3333333333

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Media Resources

No resources

No resources

No resources

No resources

Filter By

No programs

  1. Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled by research teams at University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute for Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) at Eastern Michigan University
    2012. "Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled By Research Teams At University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute For Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) At Eastern Michigan University."
  2. "Documentation and description of Dulong" HRELP Abstract
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    http://www.ethnologue.com/
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  6. Five Rawang dialects plus more
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  7. Dulong
    LaPolla, Randy J. 2003. "Dulong." In The Sino-Tibetan Languages, edited by G. Thurgood and R. J. Lapolla. 674-682. London & New York: Routledge.
  8. Tu-lung Yu Jianzhi [A brief description of the Trung language]
    Hongkai, Sun. 1982. "Tu-lung Yu Jianzhi [A Brief Description of the Trung Language]." Minzu Chubanshe.
  9. Language attitudes of the T'rung
    Perlin, Ross. 2009. Language attitudes of the T'rung. Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 32.1:91-113. http://www.himalayanlanguages.org/files/perlin/03-Perlin-Dulong-Attitudes.pdf
    http://www.himalayanlanguages.org/files/perlin/03-Perlin-Dulong-Attitudes.pdf
  10. Tibet's minority languages: Diversity and endangerment
    Gerald Roche and Hiroyuki Suzuki. (2017). Tibet's minority languages: Diversity and endangerment. Modern Asian Studies.
    http://www.academia.edu/28138202/Tibets_Minority_Languages_Diversity_and_Endangerment