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Language Information By Source

East and Southeast Asia
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Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

~2,150

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

About a third

Older adult speakers

Most

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

10,000

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2007

Location and Context

Countries

Malaysia

Coordinates

No data

Location description

Southwest peninsular, Melaka (Malacca)

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers’s attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

Southwest peninsular, Melaka (Malacca)

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

Malaysian English

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

Originally derived from Portuguese creole as spoken on the west coast of India, but with extensive local Malay lexical material; being replaced by Malaysian English. However, as a result of the new requirement for members of the group to speak the language in order to gain access to various benefits as bumiputra (indigenous) Malaysians, many non-speakers wish to learn it.

Threatened

Native Speakers Worldwide

~1000

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

Speaker numbers refer to the Malacca area only and do not represent populations In other parts of Malaysia and Singapore.

Year of info

2004

Location and Context

Countries

Malaysia

Coordinates

2.1917093, 102.2512155

Location description

Kristang is spoken spoken in the Hilir suburb of Malacca (Bandar Hilir), West Malaysia and by descendants of the Malacca community elsewhere in Malaysia and Singapore.

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers’s attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

Kristang is spoken spoken in the Hilir suburb of Malacca (Bandar Hilir), West Malaysia and by descendants of the Malacca community elsewhere in Malaysia and Singapore.

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Threatened

Native Speakers Worldwide

2,150

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2010

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

2.1935, 102.256

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers’s attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Threatened

Native Speakers Worldwide

1,000

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2011

Location and Context

Countries

Malaysia

Coordinates

No data

Location description

Portuguese settlement in Melaka

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers’s attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

Portuguese settlement in Melaka

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

No data

Native Speakers Worldwide

No data

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2005

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

2.2, 102.25

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers’s attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Threatened

Native Speakers Worldwide

5,000

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers’s attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Media Resources

No resources

No resources

No resources

Filter By

No programs

  1. Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled by research teams at University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute for Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) at Eastern Michigan University
    2012. "Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled By Research Teams At University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute For Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) At Eastern Michigan University."
  2. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)
    Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)
    http://www.ethnologue.com/
  3. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger
    Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)
    http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas
  4. World Oral Literature Project
    "World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.
    http://www.oralliterature.org
  5. "Documentation of Malaccan Portuguese Creole" HRELP Abstract
    Pillai, Stefanie. 2011. ""Documentation of Malaccan Portuguese Creole" HRELP Abstract." Online: http://www.hrelp.org/grants/projects/index.php?projid=271.
    http://www.hrelp.org/grants/projects/index.php?projid=271
  6. East and Southeast Asia
    Bradley, David. 2007. "East and Southeast Asia." In Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages, edited by C. Moseley. 349-424. London & New York: Routledge.
  7. The World Atlas of Language Structures
    2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.
  8. A dictionary of Kristang (Malacca Creole Portuguese)
    Alan Baxter and Patric de Silvia. 2004. "A Dictionary of Kristang (Malacca Creole Portuguese)." Canberra: Pacific Linguistics 564.
  9. A Grammar of Kristang (Malacca Creole Portuguese)
    Baxter, Alan N. 1988. "A Grammar of Kristang (Malacca Creole Portuguese)." 95: Canberra: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University.
  10. A Grammar of Kristang (Malacca Creole Portuguese)
    Baxter, Alan N. 1988. "A Grammar of Kristang (Malacca Creole Portuguese)." 95: Australian National University.