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Language Information By Source

North America
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Severely Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

~200

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

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Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

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Child speakers

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Young adult speakers

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Older adult speakers

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Elder Speakers

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Ethnic Population

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Non-monolingual speakers

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More about speakers

Sauk-Fox (Meskwaki), spoken by about 200 members of the Meskwaki Tribe in Iowa. It was the heritage language also of the historically separate Sauk tribe, whose descendants today are the Sac and Fox Tribe of central Oklahoma and the Nemaha Sauks on the Kansas-Nebraska border. The Meskwaki variety is also called “Fox”; it differs from Sauk in minor details of pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary, but the variation within Meskwaki alone is almost as great. Kickapoo was originally part of the same dialect complex, but for historical and social reasons it is treated as a separate language.

Year of info

2008

Location and Context

Countries

USA, Kansas, Nebraska, Oklahoma

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

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Institutional support

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Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

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Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

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More on writing systems

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Other languages used

English

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

200

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

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Older adult speakers

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Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

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Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2010

Location and Context

Countries

USA, Kansas, Nebraska, Oklahoma

Coordinates

41.9637,-92.5768

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

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Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

No data

Native Speakers Worldwide

No data

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2010

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

41.9637,-92.5768

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Severely Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

250

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

758

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

"A handful of Sauk speakers (2000 I. Goddard)." Data for the number of native speakers comes from I. Goddard (2001). Data for the ethnic population is from the 2000 census. 200 (2001 I. Goddard). 200 Mesquakie in Iowa, more than 50 Sac and Fox in central Oklahoma, a few Nemaha Sauks on the Kansas-Nebraska border (Golla 2007). Ethnic population: 760 Fox (2013).

Year of info

2009

Location and Context

Countries

USA;

Coordinates

No data

Location description

Tama, Iowa. Mesquakie dialect: eastern Kansas-Nebraska border and central Oklahoma; Sac and Fox dialects: Sac and Fox Reservation.

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

Tama, Iowa. Mesquakie dialect: eastern Kansas-Nebraska border and central Oklahoma; Sac and Fox dialects: Sac and Fox Reservation.

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Critically Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

200 or 250?

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

760

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

200 (2001 I. Goddard). 200 Mesquakie in Iowa, more than 50 Sac and Fox in central Oklahoma, a few Nemaha Sauks on the Kansas-Nebraska border (Golla 2007). Ethnic population: 760 Fox.

Year of info

2016

Location and Context

Countries

USA: Iowa, Oklahoma

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Severely Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

1,100

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

The number 1,100 reflects a combination of speakers of both Sauk-Fox and Kickapoo as the two are mutually intelligible. So although the two areas are distinct and separate, according to the definition used here if two spoken systems are mutually intelligible, they are considered the same language.

Year of info

2007

Location and Context

Countries

USA, Kansas, Nebraska, Oklahoma

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

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Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

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Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

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More on writing systems

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Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

No data

Native Speakers Worldwide

No data

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

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Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

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Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2005

Location and Context

Countries

USA, Kansas, Nebraska, Oklahoma

Coordinates

43.0,-83.0

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

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Speakers' attitudes

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Standard orthography

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Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

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More on writing systems

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Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

250

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

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Location description

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Government support

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Institutional support

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Speakers' attitudes

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Standard orthography

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Script (Writing system)

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Other writing systems

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More on writing systems

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Other languages used

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Domains of other languages

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More on context

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Media Resources

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  1. Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled by research teams at University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute for Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) at Eastern Michigan University
    2012. "Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled By Research Teams At University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute For Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) At Eastern Michigan University."
  2. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger
    Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)
    http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas
  3. World Oral Literature Project
    "World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.
    http://www.oralliterature.org
  4. North America
    Golla, Victor. 2007. "North America." In Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages, edited by C. Moseley. 1-96. London & New York: Routledge.
  5. North America
    Victor Golla, Ives Goddard, Lyle Campbell, Marianne Mithun and Mauricio Mixco. 2008. "North America." In Atlas of the World's Languages, edited by Chris Moseley and Ron Asher. 7-41. Routledge.
  6. Endangered Languages of the United States
    Christopher Rogers, Naomi Palosaari and Lyle Campbell. 2010. "Endangered Languages of the United States." In Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger of Disappearing, edited by Christopher Moseley. 108-130. UNESCO.
  7. The World Atlas of Language Structures
    2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.
  8. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)
    Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)
    http://www.ethnologue.com/
  9. Notes on the Fox Language
    Bloomfield, L. 1925. "Notes On the Fox Language." In International Journal of American Linguistics, 3, 4: 219-232, 181-219.
  10. The Proximate and Obviative Contrast in Meskwaki
    Thomason, L. C. The Proximate and Obviative Contrast in Meskwaki. PhD thesis, University of Texas at Austin, 2003.
  11. Language
    Bloomfield, Leonard. 1933. "Language." Holt.
  12. Fox
    Jones, William and Truman Michelson. 1911. "Fox." In Handbook of American Indian languages 1, edited by Franz Boas. 735-873. J. J. Augustin.
  13. Leonard Bloomfield's Fox Lexicon
    Goddard, Ives. 1994. "Leonard Bloomfield's Fox Lexicon." Algonquian and Iroquoian Linguistics.