Overview
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Community Members

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Revitalization Programs

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Discussion Forum

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Language Information By Source

South Asia and the Middle East
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Threatened

Native Speakers Worldwide

300,000

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2007

Location and Context

Countries

Nepal; India

Coordinates

No data

Location description

Eastern Nepal and Western Sikkim

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers’s attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

Eastern Nepal and Western Sikkim

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Safe

Native Speakers Worldwide

300,000

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

almost all

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2001

Location and Context

Countries

Nepal; India

Coordinates

No data

Location description

The eastern hilly region of Nepal, and adjacent areas of Sikkim in north India.

Government support

yes

Institutional support

yes

Speakers’s attitudes

very positive

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

Devanagari, Sarijangga, Kirati

Other writing systems

The eastern hilly region of Nepal, and adjacent areas of Sikkim in north India.

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

Nepali (in Nepal)

Domains of other languages

all

More on context

Limbu is passed down to children. In Nepal, Limbu is used in all sorts of non-official domains such as at home, in villages and in worship though Nepali is also used at home and in markets. Multilingual dictionaries, religious rituals and texts, radio programs, and newspaper written in Limbu are found. In Sikkim (India), Limbu is one of the official languages and is taught in school till class 12. "Limbu vitality is still strong, but the Limbu spoken commonly today is showing the increasing influence of Nepali." (p.66)

At risk

Native Speakers Worldwide

300,000

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2010

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

27.096,87.7356

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers’s attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

At risk

Native Speakers Worldwide

343,543

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2012

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers’s attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

No data

Native Speakers Worldwide

No data

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2005

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

27.1666666667,87.75

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers’s attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

At risk

Native Speakers Worldwide

361,633

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers’s attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Media Resources

No resources

No resources

Filter By

No programs

  1. Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled by research teams at University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute for Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) at Eastern Michigan University
    2012. "Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled By Research Teams At University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute For Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) At Eastern Michigan University."
  2. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)
    Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)
    http://www.ethnologue.com/
  3. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger
    Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)
    http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas
  4. World Oral Literature Project
    "World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.
    http://www.oralliterature.org
  5. South Asia and the Middle East
    Driem, George Van. 2007. "South Asia and the Middle East." In Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages, edited by Christopher Mosely. 289-348. London and NewYork: Routledge.
  6. The World Atlas of Language Structures
    2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.
  7. Concise Limbu Grammar and Dictionary
    Weidert, A. and B. Subba. 1985. "Concise Limbu Grammar and Dictionary." Amsterdam: Lobster Publications.
  8. A Grammar of Limbu
    Driem, George van. 1987. "A Grammar of Limbu." 4: Mouton de Gruyter.
  9. Recent Language Contact in the Nepal Himalaya
    Noonan, Michael. 2003. "Recent Language Contact in the Nepal Himalaya." In Language Variation: Papers on Variation and Change in the Sinosphere and in the Indosphere in Honour of James A. Matisoff, edited by David Bradley et Al.. 65-87. Pacific Linguistics.
  10. A descriptive grammar of Chhatthare Limbu
    Tumbahang, Govinda Bahadur. 2007. A descriptive grammar of Chhatthare Limbu. Kirtipur, Kathmandu: Social Inclusion Research Fund/SNV Nepal. 375pp.
    http://www.socialinclusion.org.np/new/files/Govinda%20Bahadur%20Tumbahang-Desciptive%20Grammar%20of%20Chhatthare%20L_1336391853c2dZ.pdf
  11. A sociolinguistic study of Limbu
    Webster, Jeffrey D. 2001. A sociolinguistic study of Limbu. Journal of Nepalese Literature, Art and Culture 4. 51-84.
  12. Prosodic and Grammatical Domains in Limbu
    Hildebrandt, Kristine. 2007. “Prosodic and Grammatical Domains in Limbu.” Himalayan Linguistics Journal 8. 1-34
  13. National Population and Housing Census 2011 (National Report)
    Central Bureau of Statistics. 2012. National Population and Housing Census 2011 (NPHC2011), volume 1. Kathmandu, Nepal.
    http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_phc/Nepal/Nepal-Census-2011-Vol1.pdf