Overview
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Language Information By Source

Language endangerment in South America: The clock is ticking.
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Vulnerable

Native Speakers Worldwide

89,516

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

89,572

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

813 speakers, 869 ethnic population (2004) Brazil; 88,703 speakers and ethic population (2007) Peru.

Year of info

2012

Location and Context

Countries

Peru; Brazil;

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Vulnerable

Native Speakers Worldwide

97,000

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

According to the Population and Housing Census (1993), the population exceeded 50,000 speakers (UNICEF, 2009). The Census II Native Communities (INEI, 2007) recorded more than 97,000 people identified as either Ashaninka and Asheninka (Ministry of Education, 2013).

Year of info

Location and Context

Countries

Peru; Brazil

Coordinates

No data

Location description

Spoken in the basins of the Ucayali, Tambo, Cohengua, Perené, Pachitea, Yura, Chinchihuani, Ene, and Apurimac rivers, in the Junín, Cusco, Lima, Ayacucho, Apurímac, Pasco, Ucayali and Huanuco Regions in Peru; also spoken in Brazil.

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

Latin

Other writing systems

Spoken in the basins of the Ucayali, Tambo, Cohengua, Perené, Pachitea, Yura, Chinchihuani, Ene, and Apurimac rivers, in the Junín, Cusco, Lima, Ayacucho, Apurímac, Pasco, Ucayali and Huanuco Regions in Peru; also spoken in Brazil.

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Vulnerable

Native Speakers Worldwide

26,100

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

25,000-30,000

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

26,000 (2000 SIL). Ethnic population: 26,000 (2000 SIL) (2013). Ethnologue 2016 gives only the population figure, 35,200 (from 2997).

Year of info

2009

Location and Context

Countries

Peru

Coordinates

-10.733,-73.75; -11.142,-74.309; -11.992,-74.040; -13.35,-73.266

Location description

Junin, Ayacucho, Cusco, Apurimac, and Ucayali regions; Apurimac, Ene, Perene, and Tambo rivers and tributaries.

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

Junin, Ayacucho, Cusco, Apurimac, and Ucayali regions; Apurimac, Ene, Perene, and Tambo rivers and tributaries.

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Vulnerable

Native Speakers Worldwide

28,000

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

28,000

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2007

Location and Context

Countries

Peru and Brazil

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

In Peru, there's a bilingual education program.

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Vulnerable

Native Speakers Worldwide

28,000

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Media Resources

No resources

No resources

Filter By

No programs

  1. Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled by research teams at University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute for Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) at Eastern Michigan University
    2012. "Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled By Research Teams At University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute For Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) At Eastern Michigan University."
  2. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)
    Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)
    http://www.ethnologue.com/
  3. World Oral Literature Project
    "World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.
    http://www.oralliterature.org
  4. South America
    Crevels, Mily. 2007. "South America." In Atlas of the World's Endangered Languages, edited by C. Moseley. 103-196. London & New York: Routledge.
  5. Language endangerment in South America: The clock is ticking.
    Crevels, Mily. 2012. "Language Endangerment in South America: The Clock Is Ticking." In The Indigenous Languages of South America: A Comprehensive Guide, 167-234. Mouton de Gruyter.
  6. Diccionario Castellano-Campa, Gramática Campa
    Sala, Gabriel. 2002 [1929]. "Diccionario Castellano-Campa, Gramática Campa." In Producciones en lenguas indígenas de varios misioneros tomos XIII, XIV, edited by Bernardino Izaguirre. VI: 809-946, 995-1018.
  7. Campa (Arawak) phonemes
    Dirks, S. 1953. "Campa (Arawak) Phonemes." In International Journal of American Linguistics, 19: 302-304.
  8. The phonology and morphology of Axininca Campa
    Payne, David L. 1981. "The Phonology and Morphology of Axininca Campa." 66: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
  9. Campa Socio-Economic Adaptation
    Bodley, John H. Campa Socio-Economic Adaptation. PhD thesis, University of Oregon, 1970.
  10. Brief ethnology of the Campa indians, eastern Peru
    Craig, Alan K. 1973. "Brief Ethnology of the Campa Indians, Eastern Peru." In América Indígena, 27 , no. 2: 223-235.
  11. Diccionario ashéninca
    Kindberg, Lee D. 1980. "Diccionario Ashéninca." 19: 466. Instituto Lingüítico de Verano.
  12. Asheninca (Campa) Pronominals
    Reed, Judy and David L. Payne. 1986. "Asheninca (Campa) Pronominals." In Pronominal Systems, edited by Ursula Wiesemann. 323-331. Gunter Narr Verlag.
  13. Grammatical categories of preandine Arawakan languages of Peru
    Wise, Mary Ruth. 1986. "Grammatical Categories of Preandine Arawakan Languages of Peru." In Handbook of Amazonian languages 1, edited by Desmond C. Derbyshire and Geoffrey K. Pullum. 567-642. Mouton de Gruyter.
  14. Diccionario Ashaninca
    Kindberg, Lee. 1980. "Diccionario Ashaninca." Instituto Lingüı.