Overview
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Revitalization Programs

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Language Information By Source

Europe and North Asia
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Critically Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

200

Domains of Use

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Speaker Number Trends

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Transmission

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Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

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Semi-speakers

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Child speakers

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Young adult speakers

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Older adult speakers

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Elder Speakers

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Ethnic Population

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Non-monolingual speakers

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More about speakers

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Year of info

2007

Location and Context

Countries

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Coordinates

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Location description

"Speakers lived originally among Crimean Tatar speakers, with Simferopol as the main centre. More than two thirds of the population were murdered by Germans during the Second World War. There are now 1,200 ethnic Krimchaks in the Crimea, and 600 elsewhere." (Salminen, 2007)

Government support

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Institutional support

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Speakers' attitudes

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Standard orthography

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Script (Writing system)

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Other writing systems

"Speakers lived originally among Crimean Tatar speakers, with Simferopol as the main centre. More than two thirds of the population were murdered by Germans during the Second World War. There are now 1,200 ethnic Krimchaks in the Crimea, and 600 elsewhere." (Salminen, 2007)

More on writing systems

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Other languages used

Russian

Domains of other languages

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More on context

"In 1989, 500 speakers were reported from the Soviet Union, including 100 in the Crimea, but the figures seem meaningless, as only people born in the 1930s or earlier appear to retain fluency in Krimchak; they number perhaps 200, and even they use Krimchak rarely" (Salminen, 2007)

At risk

Native Speakers Worldwide

120,000

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

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Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

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Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

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Young adult speakers

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Older adult speakers

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Elder Speakers

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Ethnic Population

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Non-monolingual speakers

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More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2010

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

43.9414,28.3062

Location description

No data

Government support

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Institutional support

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Speakers' attitudes

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Standard orthography

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Script (Writing system)

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Other writing systems

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More on writing systems

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Other languages used

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Domains of other languages

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More on context

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At risk

Native Speakers Worldwide

483,990

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

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Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

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Semi-speakers

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Child speakers

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Young adult speakers

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Older adult speakers

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Elder Speakers

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Ethnic Population

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Non-monolingual speakers

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More about speakers

260,000 in Ukraine (2006 A. Goriainov).

Year of info

2009

Location and Context

Countries

Ukraine; USA; Kyrgyzstan; Moldova; Uzbekistan; Romania; Bulgaria; Turkey;

Coordinates

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Location description

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Government support

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Institutional support

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Speakers' attitudes

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Standard orthography

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Script (Writing system)

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Other writing systems

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More on writing systems

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Other languages used

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Domains of other languages

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More on context

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Severely Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

<1,000

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

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Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

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Child speakers

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Young adult speakers

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Older adult speakers

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Elder Speakers

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Ethnic Population

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Non-monolingual speakers

The majority Krymchaks speak Russian.

More about speakers

Crimean Tatar is used only by those over 70

Year of info

1993

Location and Context

Countries

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Coordinates

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Location description

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Government support

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Institutional support

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Speakers' attitudes

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Standard orthography

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Script (Writing system)

Cyrillic

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

Russian

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

"Not long ago the Krymchaks used to speak a variant of Crimean Tatar which had some of the distinctive features of the Steppe dialect and has sometimes been referred to as its Krymchak ethnolect. The Crimean Tatar language was the universal means of communication in the Crimea from the 15th to the 19th centuries... Today the majority of Krymchaks speak Russian. Crimean Tatar is used only by those over 70. In most instances the younger generation lacks even a passive knowledge of Crimean Tatar. Intermarriages are the norm. The mass transition of the young to the Russian language occurred at the beginning of the 20th century. At that time the older Krymchak women were monolingual" (The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire)

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Native Speakers Worldwide

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Domains of Use

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Speaker Number Trends

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Transmission

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Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

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Semi-speakers

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Child speakers

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Young adult speakers

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Older adult speakers

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Elder Speakers

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Ethnic Population

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Non-monolingual speakers

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More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2005

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

45.0,34.0833333333

Location description

No data

Government support

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Institutional support

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Speakers' attitudes

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Standard orthography

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Script (Writing system)

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Other writing systems

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More on writing systems

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Other languages used

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Domains of other languages

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More on context

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At risk

Native Speakers Worldwide

456,341

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

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Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

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Semi-speakers

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Child speakers

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Young adult speakers

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Older adult speakers

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Elder Speakers

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Ethnic Population

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Non-monolingual speakers

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More about speakers

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Year of info

Location and Context

Countries

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Coordinates

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Location description

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Government support

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Institutional support

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Speakers' attitudes

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Standard orthography

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Script (Writing system)

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Other writing systems

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More on writing systems

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Other languages used

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Domains of other languages

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More on context

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Media Resources

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  1. Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled by research teams at University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute for Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) at Eastern Michigan University
    2012. "Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled By Research Teams At University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute For Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) At Eastern Michigan University."
  2. The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire
    "The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire." edited by Andrew Humphreys and Krista Mits. Online: http://www.eki.ee/books/redbook.
    http://www.eki.ee/books/redbook
  3. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger
    Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)
    http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas
  4. World Oral Literature Project
    "World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.
    http://www.oralliterature.org
  5. Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages
    Moseley, Christopher. 2007. Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages, 1 edn. Abingdon: Routledge. ISBN 070071197X
  6. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)
    Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)
    http://www.ethnologue.com/
  7. The World Atlas of Language Structures
    2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.
  8. Europe and North Asia
    Salminen, Tapani. 2007. "Europe and North Asia." In Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages, edited by C. Moseley. 211-282. London & New York: Routledge.