Overview
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Threatened

Native Speakers Worldwide

1,106

Domains of Use

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Speaker Number Trends

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Transmission

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Recent Resources

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Community Members

    No members

Revitalization Programs

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Language Information By Source

Language endangerment in South America: The clock is ticking
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Threatened

Native Speakers Worldwide

1,106

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

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Young adult speakers

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Older adult speakers

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Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

506 Kalapalo, 509 Kuikuro

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2012

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

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Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers’s attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Threatened

Native Speakers Worldwide

1,106

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

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Elder Speakers

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Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2010

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

-12.35,-53.21

Location description

No data

Government support

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Institutional support

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Speakers’s attitudes

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Standard orthography

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Script (Writing system)

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Other writing systems

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More on writing systems

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Other languages used

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Domains of other languages

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More on context

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Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

870

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

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Transmission

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Speakers

Second-language speakers

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Semi-speakers

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Child speakers

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Young adult speakers

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Older adult speakers

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Elder Speakers

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Ethnic Population

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Non-monolingual speakers

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More about speakers

870 (2002 ISA). 450 Kuikúro and 417 Kalapálo

Year of info

2009

Location and Context

Countries

Brazil;

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

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Institutional support

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Speakers’s attitudes

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Standard orthography

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Script (Writing system)

Latin

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

Portuguese

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Threatened

Native Speakers Worldwide

1010

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

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Speakers

Second-language speakers

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Semi-speakers

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Child speakers

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Young adult speakers

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Older adult speakers

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Elder Speakers

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Ethnic Population

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Non-monolingual speakers

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More about speakers

1,010 Kuikúro and 500 Kalapálo [kui]; Matipuhy [mzo] no known L1 speakers

Year of info

2016

Location and Context

Countries

Brazil

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

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Institutional support

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Speakers’s attitudes

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Standard orthography

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Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

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More on writing systems

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Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

No data

Native Speakers Worldwide

No data

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

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Young adult speakers

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Older adult speakers

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Elder Speakers

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Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

October 2014

Location and Context

Countries

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Coordinates

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Location description

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Government support

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Institutional support

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Speakers’s attitudes

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Standard orthography

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Script (Writing system)

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Other writing systems

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More on writing systems

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Other languages used

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Domains of other languages

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More on context

"Kuikuro e Kalapalo são variedades da mesma língua, que eu batizei como "Língua Karib do Alto Xingu (LKAX)". E temos o Uagihütü (ou Matipu antigo), variedade irmã do Kuikuro; e o Nahukwa, que mantém com Kalapalo a mesma relação existente entre Kuikuro e Matipu, e que falado também pelos Matipu (atuais). É um quadro complexo e intricado, fruto de uma longa história, nos últimos 2 séculos, pelo menos, de fissões, fusões, depopulação até os anos 50 (do século passado). A rede (network) de casamentos e intercâmbios entre os Karib alto-xinguanos foi e é intensa, inclusive em termos linguísticos. Não temos aqui somente questões de semelhanças e diferenças "dialetais", mas quatro grupos locais que marcam suas identidades sócio-políticas por meio de sutis diferenças linguísticas, principalmente de natureza prosódica, nos domínios da palavra e do sintagma (phrase). E temos a confusão dos etnônimos: Kuikuro, Kalapalo, Matipu e Nahukwa são heterônimos, atribuídos por outros povos ou pelos Brancos em determinados momentos da história do contato entre índios e Brancos, e que se fossilizaram como etnônimos para e pelos Brancos." [Kuikuro and Kalapalo are varieties of the same language, which I christened "Karib Language of the Upper Xingu (LKAX)". And we have the Uagihütü (or Old Matipu), sister variety of Kuikuro; and Nahukwá, who have the same relationship with Kalapalo that exists between Kuikuro and Matipu, and also spoken by the (current) Matipu. It is a complex and intricate picture, the result of a long history in the last two centuries, at least, of fissions, fusions, depopulation until the '50s (of the last century). The network of weddings and exchanges between the Karibs of the Upper Xingu was and is intense, even in linguistic terms. We do not have here only issues of “dialectal” similarities and differences, but four local groups who chart their socio-political identities by subtle linguistic differences, mainly of prosodic nature, in the sphere of the word and phrase. And we have the confusion of ethnonyms: Kuikuro, Kalapalo, Matipu, and Nahukwá are exonyms, assigned by other people or by the Whites at certain times in the history of contact between Indians and Whites, and which became fossilized as ethnonyms for and by the Whites.]

Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

~417

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

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Speakers

Second-language speakers

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Semi-speakers

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Child speakers

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Young adult speakers

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Older adult speakers

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Elder Speakers

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Ethnic Population

417

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2007

Location and Context

Countries

Brazil

Coordinates

No data

Location description

Mato Grosso, Upper Xingu area, Upper Kuluene River area, Parque Indigena do Xingu, 75km to the southeast of Posto Leonardo Villas Boas. Cariban, Southern, Upper Xingu, Kalapalo.

Government support

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Institutional support

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Speakers’s attitudes

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Standard orthography

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Script (Writing system)

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Other writing systems

Mato Grosso, Upper Xingu area, Upper Kuluene River area, Parque Indigena do Xingu, 75km to the southeast of Posto Leonardo Villas Boas. Cariban, Southern, Upper Xingu, Kalapalo.

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

No data

Native Speakers Worldwide

No data

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

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Speakers

Second-language speakers

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Semi-speakers

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Child speakers

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Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

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Elder Speakers

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Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2005

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

-12.4166666667,-53.0833333333

Location description

No data

Government support

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Institutional support

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Speakers’s attitudes

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Standard orthography

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Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

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More on writing systems

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Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

526

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers

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Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

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Young adult speakers

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Older adult speakers

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Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers’s attitudes

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Standard orthography

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Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

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Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

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More on context

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Media Resources

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No resources

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Filter By

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  1. Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled by research teams at University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute for Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) at Eastern Michigan University
    2012. "Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled By Research Teams At University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute For Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) At Eastern Michigan University."
  2. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)
    Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)
    http://www.ethnologue.com/
  3. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger
    Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)
    http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas
  4. World Oral Literature Project
    "World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.
    http://www.oralliterature.org
  5. South America
    Crevels, Mily. 2007. "South America." In Atlas of the World's Endangered Languages, edited by C. Moseley. 103-196. London & New York: Routledge.
  6. Language endangerment in South America: The clock is ticking
    Crevels, Mily. 2012. "Language Endangerment in South America: The Clock Is Ticking." In The Indigenous Languages of South America: A Comprehensive Guide, edited by Hans Henrich Hock et al.. 167-234. Mouton de Gruyter.
  7. The World Atlas of Language Structures
    2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.
  8. Morfologia Kuikuro: Gerando nome e verbos
    Dos Santos, Gélsama Mara Ferreira. Morfologia Kuikuro: Gerando Nome E Verbos. PhD thesis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 2007.
  9. Morfologia Kuikuro: as categorias 'nome' e 'verbo' e os processos de transitivização e intransitivização
    Dos Santos, Gélsama Mara Ferreira. Morfologia Kuikuro: As Categorias 'nome' E 'verbo' E Os Processos De Transitivização E Intransitivização. Master thesis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 2002.
  10. Morfologia Kuikuro: Gerando Nomes e Verbos
    Santos, Gélsama Mara Ferreira dos. Morfologia Kuikuro: Gerando Nomes E Verbos. PhD thesis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 2007.
  11. The Tribes of the Upper Xingu River
    Lévi-Strauss, Claude. 1948. "The Tribes of the Upper Xingu River." In The Tropical Forest Tribes, edited by Julian H. Steward. 3: 321-348. Smithsonian Institution, Washington: Bureau of American Ethnology.
  12. Kuikuro: uma lıngua ergativa no ramo meridional da famılia Karib (Alto Xingu)
    Franchetto, Bruna. 2002. "Kuikuro: Uma Lı." In Ergatividade na Amazônia, I, edited by Francisco Queixalós. Online: http://www.vjf.cnrs.fr/celia/FichExt/Documents%%.
    http://www.vjf.cnrs.fr/celia/FichExt/Documents%%20de%%20travail/Ergativite/1jFranchetto.htm
  13. Coreferentiality in Kuikuro (Southern Carib, Brazil)
    Franchetto, Bruna. 2004. "Coreferentiality in Kuikuro (Southern Carib, Brazil)." In Ergatividade na Amazônia II, edited by Francisco Queixalós. 121-138. Centre d'études des langues indigènes d'Amérique (CNRS, IRD); Laboratório de Lı. Online: http://www.vjf.cnrs.fr/celia/FichExt/Documents%%.
    http://www.vjf.cnrs.fr/celia/FichExt/Documents%%20de%%20travail/Ergativite/3lFranchetto.htm