Overview
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Severely Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

2,000-3,000

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Recent Resources

No resources

Community Members

    No members

Revitalization Programs

No programs

Discussion Forum

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Language Information By Source

A grammar of Bora with special attention to tone
Arrow pointing down
Severely Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

2,000-3,000

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

"Spoken by between 2,000 and 3,000 people, about 1,000 of whom live in northern Peru" (p. 1). "In Colombia, about 150 Bora people live on the Ígara-Paraná River and about 100 on the Caquetá River at Mariápolis, Remanso, Santa Isabel, Las Palmas and living in scattered houses" (p. 1). "Today there are few monolingual Bora speakers ... All those between 50 and 60 years of age are more or less flunet in Spanish for daily needs (although they still prefer to speak Bora). All those under 50 are quite fluent in Spanish." "All Bora children now learn Spanish. Some learn Spanish as their first language and don't go on to learn Bora as a second language, while other children do. Many Bora children still learn Bora as their first language and Spanish as a second language ... at present there are still many of all ages speaking it [Bora]." (p. 5)

Year of info

2012

Location and Context

Countries

Peru, Colombia

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

Spanish

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

"Today there are few monolingual Bora speakers ... All those between 50 and 60 years of age are more or less flunet in Spanish for daily needs (although they still prefer to speak Bora). All those under 50 are quite fluent in Spanish." "All Bora children now learn Spanish. Some learn Spanish as their first language and don't bo on to learn Bora as a second language, while other children do. Many Bora children still learn Bora as their first language and Spanish as a second language ... at present there are still many of all ages speaking it [Bora]." (p. 5)

Threatened

Native Speakers Worldwide

1,000

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2010

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

-1.5818,-70.5651

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Threatened

Native Speakers Worldwide

No data

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

Location and Context

Countries

Peru; Colombia

Coordinates

No data

Location description

Spoken around the Peruvian-Colombian border, in the basins of the Putumayo, Sumón, and Ampiyacu rivers, in the provinces of Mariscal Ramón Castilla, Maynas, and San Antonio del Estrecho, in the Loreto Region, Peru.

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

Spoken around the Peruvian-Colombian border, in the basins of the Putumayo, Sumón, and Ampiyacu rivers, in the provinces of Mariscal Ramón Castilla, Maynas, and San Antonio del Estrecho, in the Loreto Region, Peru.

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Threatened

Native Speakers Worldwide

3,390

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

There are 2,330 speakers in Peru (2000).

Year of info

2009

Location and Context

Countries

Brazil; Colombia; Peru;

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

850

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

4,070

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No known L1 speakers in Brazil; 100 in Colombia; 750 in Peru.

Year of info

2016

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Threatened

Native Speakers Worldwide

<2,500

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

3701

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2012

Location and Context

Countries

Colombia and Peru

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

No data

Native Speakers Worldwide

No data

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

3650

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

The speaker number is Colombia isn't known and in Peru there are 2,000 speakers. In Peru, the mean age of the speakers is 20-30.

Year of info

2007

Location and Context

Countries

Colombia and Peru

Coordinates

No data

Location description

Colombia: Department of Amazonas, near the mouth of the Cahuinari River, on the Caqueta and Igara-Panara rivers, La Providencia; Peru: northeast, along the Ampiyacu and Yaquasyacu rivers, some along the Maranon near Iquitos and partly along the Putumayo

Government support

No data

Institutional support

In Peru, there are some bilingual primary and secondary schools but the classes are generally taught in Spanish

Speakers' attitudes

Strong linguistic awareness

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

Colombia: Department of Amazonas, near the mouth of the Cahuinari River, on the Caqueta and Igara-Panara rivers, La Providencia; Peru: northeast, along the Ampiyacu and Yaquasyacu rivers, some along the Maranon near Iquitos and partly along the Putumayo

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

No data

Native Speakers Worldwide

No data

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2005

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

-2.16666666667,-72.3333333333

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Threatened

Native Speakers Worldwide

2,828

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Media Resources

No resources

No resources

No resources

No resources

No resources

No resources

Filter By

No programs

  1. Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled by research teams at University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute for Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) at Eastern Michigan University
    2012. "Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled By Research Teams At University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute For Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) At Eastern Michigan University."
  2. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)
    Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)
    http://www.ethnologue.com/
  3. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger
    Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)
    http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas
  4. World Oral Literature Project
    "World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.
    http://www.oralliterature.org
  5. South America
    Crevels, Mily. 2007. "South America." In Atlas of the World's Endangered Languages, edited by C. Moseley. 103-196. London & New York: Routledge.
  6. Language endangerment in South America: The clock is ticking.
    Crevels, Mily. 2012. "Language Endangerment in South America: The Clock Is Ticking." In The Indigenous Languages of South America: A Comprehensive Guide, 167-234. Mouton de Gruyter.
  7. The World Atlas of Language Structures
    2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.
  8. Boro Vocabulary (With a Grammatical Sketch)
    Bhat, D. N. S. 1968. "Boro Vocabulary (With a Grammatical Sketch)." 59: Poona: Deccan College.
  9. An initial reconstruction of Proto-Boro-Garo
    Wood, Daniel Cody. An Initial Reconstruction of Proto-Boro-Garo. Master thesis, University of Oregon, 2008.
  10. Bemerkungen über den Stamm der Bora Meamuyna am Putumayo, Amazones
    Jimenez Seminario, Augusto. 1924. "Bemerkungen Über Den Stamm Der Bora Meamuyna Am Putumayo, Amazones." In ZfE, 56: 83-93.
  11. Gramática del idioma bora
    Thiesen, Wesley. 1996. "Gramática Del Idioma Bora." 38: 132. Ministerio de Educación and Instituto Lingüístico de Verano. Online: http://www.sil.org/americas/peru/html/pubs/show_work.asp?id=592.
    http://www.sil.org/americas/peru/html/pubs/show_work.asp?id=592
  12. Gramática del idioma Bora
    Thiesen, Wesley. 1996. "Gramática Del Idioma Bora." 28: Perú: Instituto Lingüístico del Verano, Yarinacocha, Pucallpa.
  13. Bora I
    Uribe Piedrahíta, César. 1996. "Bora I." In Lenguas de la Amazonía Colombiana, edited by Jon Landaburu. 1: 109-113. Bogotá: Ediciones Uniandes-CCELA-Colciencias.
  14. Bora II
    De Wavrin, Robert. 1996. "Bora II." In Lenguas de la Amazonía Colombiana, edited by Jon Landaburu. 1: 115-133. Bogotá: Ediciones Uniandes-CCELA-Colciencias.
  15. Aproximación a la fonología del Bora
    Escobar, Rosa Alicia. 2000. "Aproximación a La Fonología Del Bora." In Lenguas indígenas de Colombia: una visión descriptiva, edited by María Stella González de pérez and María Luisa Rodríguez de montes. 243-252. Instituto Caro y Cuervo.
  16. Gramatica del idioma Bora
    Thiesen, Wesley. 1996. "Gramatica Del Idioma Bora." Summer Institute of Linguistics.