Overview
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Critically Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

~50

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Recent Resources

No resources

Community Members

    No members

Revitalization Programs

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Language Information By Source

Género y sufijos clasificatorios de discretización en ocaina (witoto)
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Critically Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

~50

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

~50

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

El ocaina es una lengua seriamente amenazada de extinción. Efectivamente, solo queda una cincuentena de hablantes fluidos de la generación de los abuelos y aproximadamente, otros cincuenta adultos entre los 35 y 45 años que poseen algún tipo de competencia para la comprensión y pasiva para la expresión. Por tal razón, esta lengua ya no es transmitida a los niños y ha sido desplazada por el castellano, que es hoy la lengua primera de las jóvenes generaciones. Uno de los últimos bastiones de esta lengua es el ámbito ritual y ceremonial (p.88). [Ocaina is a seriously endangered language. Indeed, there is only fifty fluent speakers of the grandparents generation and about fifty adults between 35 and 45 who have some competence for passive understanding and for expression. For this reason, this language is no longer transmitted to children and has been displaced by the Spanish, which today is the first language of the younger generation. One of the last bastions of this language is the ritual and ceremonial area.]

Year of info

2015

Location and Context

Countries

Colombia

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

276

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2010

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

-2.8552,-71.9824

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

No data

Native Speakers Worldwide

No data

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

Location and Context

Countries

Peru

Coordinates

No data

Location description

Spoken in the basins of the Ampiyacu and Putumayo rivers, in the department of Loreto, in Peru.

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

Spoken in the basins of the Ampiyacu and Putumayo rivers, in the department of Loreto, in Peru.

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Severely Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

66

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

150

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

54 in Peru (2000). Population total all countries: 66. Ethnic population: 150 in Peru (2000 W. Adelaar).

Year of info

2009

Location and Context

Countries

Peru; Colombia;

Coordinates

No data

Location description

Northeast, Loreto region, Yaguasyacu, Ampuyacu, and Putumayo rivers.

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

Northeast, Loreto region, Yaguasyacu, Ampuyacu, and Putumayo rivers.

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

One of the last bastions of this language is the ritual and ceremonial area.

Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

194

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

54 in Peru; 140 in Colombia

Year of info

2016

Location and Context

Countries

Colombia, Peru

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

Bora, Murui Huitito, Spanish

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

Also use Bora [boa], Murui Huitoto [huu], Spanish [spa]. Used as L2 by Resígaro [rgr].

Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

187

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

287

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

The are 137 speakers (and ethnic population) in Colombia and 50 speakers out of an ethnic population of 150 people in Peru.

Year of info

2012

Location and Context

Countries

Colombia and Peru

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

Bora, Witoto, Spanish

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Severely Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

~50

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

175

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

Ocaina speakers have been switching to Bora, Witoto and Spanish.

Year of info

2007

Location and Context

Countries

Peru and Colombia

Coordinates

No data

Location description

Northeast, along the Yaguasyacu, Ampiyacu, Putumayo and Algodon rivers. Colombia, on the Igara-Panara and the Lower Putumayo rivers. Witotoan, Witoto, Ocaina.

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

Northeast, along the Yaguasyacu, Ampiyacu, Putumayo and Algodon rivers. Colombia, on the Igara-Panara and the Lower Putumayo rivers. Witotoan, Witoto, Ocaina.

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

No data

Native Speakers Worldwide

No data

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2005

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

-2.75,-71.75

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Severely Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

66

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Media Resources

No resources

No resources

No resources

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No resources

No resources

Filter By

No programs

  1. Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled by research teams at University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute for Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) at Eastern Michigan University
    2012. "Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled By Research Teams At University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute For Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) At Eastern Michigan University."
  2. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)
    Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)
    http://www.ethnologue.com/
  3. World Oral Literature Project
    "World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.
    http://www.oralliterature.org
  4. South America
    Crevels, Mily. 2007. "South America." In Atlas of the World's Endangered Languages, edited by C. Moseley. 103-196. London & New York: Routledge.
  5. Language endangerment in South America: The clock is ticking
    Crevels, Mily. 2012. "Language Endangerment in South America: The Clock Is Ticking." In The Indigenous Languages of South America: A Comprehensive Guide, edited by Hans Henrich Hock et al.. 167-234. Mouton de Gruyter.
  6. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger
    Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)
    http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas
  7. The World Atlas of Language Structures
    2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.
  8. Les Nonuya et les Okáina
    Wavrin, Robert de and Paul Rivet. 1953. "Les Nonuya Et Les Okáina." In Journal de la Société des Américanistes, XLII , no. 1: 333-390.
  9. Phonemes of Ocaina (Huitoto)
    Agnew, Arlene and Evelyn G. Pike. 1957. "Phonemes of Ocaina (Huitoto)." In International Journal of American Linguistics, 23: 24-27.
  10. Proto-Witotoan
    Aschmann, Richard P. 1993. "Proto-Witotoan." Summer Institute of Linguistics and University of Texas, Arlington.
  11. Vocabulario Ocaina
    Fagua, Doris and Frank Seifart. 2010. "Vocabulario Ocaina." In Mundo Amazónico, 1: 215-241.
  12. Vocabulario Ocaina
    Leach, Ilo M. 1969. "Vocabulario Ocaina." Instituto Lingüı.