Karko (Sudan)
Garko; Kithonirishe; Nubian (Hill); Ajang;
Nubian
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kko
Sudanese Arabic
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Most; there are some older monolinguals
"There are reportedly 8,000 people living in Karko. However, not all of these are speaking Karko. The Karko speakers call themselves either Karko or Kakenbi, but they may be called Karme by the Ama. In addition, some Katla people who understand some of the Karko language are living in the village of Karko."
2012
Location and Context
Sudan;
11.860631, 29.504951
"Speakers live in the Karko Hills 20 miles west of Dilling, including Dulman...The term 'Karko' (when referring to a speech variety) will be used for the variety spoken in the village of Karko."
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"Speakers live in the Karko Hills 20 miles west of Dilling, including Dulman...The term 'Karko' (when referring to a speech variety) will be used for the variety spoken in the village of Karko."
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Sudanese Arabic
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"The Karko consider themselves to speak Arabic well, while the elders know Karko at a deeper level. Other than Arabic and Karko, they do not consider themselves able to speak any other language well. Some of them understand Ama and/or Mandal. There are older Karko people who do not speak any language other than Karko... The older people tend to use Karko as their only language of communication. Young people are reportedly proud of the Karko language, yet there are many Karko people who only understand the language without being able to speak it... When asked what language the future generation of children will be speaking, the respondents indicated that they think it will be Arabic, but an older lady said that she wants the children to use Karko. Another person commented that he thinks it is important to continue speaking Karko 'because in years to come, they will forget their dialect and so it is good for them to know it.'"
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2010
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11.964,29.4186
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800 for Tabaq variety
2011
Location and Context
Nuba mountains, Sudan
11.931389,29.442778
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13,000 (1984 R. Stevenson)
2009
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Sudan;
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12,986
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1991
Location and Context
Sudan
12.055437,29.409943
Nuba Mountains
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Nuba Mountains
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- Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled by research teams at University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute for Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) at Eastern Michigan University2012. "Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled By Research Teams At University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute For Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) At Eastern Michigan University."
- "Documenting Tabaq, a Hill Nubian language of the Sudan, in its sociolinguistic context" HRELP AbstractDimmendaal, Gerrit. 2011. ""Documenting Tabaq, a Hill Nubian Language of the Sudan, in Its Sociolinguistic Context" HRELP Abstract." Online: http://www.hrelp.org/grants/projects/index.php?projid=252.http://www.hrelp.org/grants/projects/index.php?projid=252
- Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)http://www.ethnologue.com/
- Atlas of the World’s Languages in DangerMoseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas
- World Oral Literature Project"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.http://www.oralliterature.org
- An analysis of the Nuba Mountain language survey: a Comparative Study of Language Usage in Dair, Angarko and HabilaMohamed Yousif Sid Ahmed. An Analysis of the Nuba Mountain Language Survey: a Comparative Study of Language Usage in Dair, Angarko and Habila. Master thesis, University of Khartoum, 1979.
- Rapid Appraisal Sociolinguistic Survey Among Ama, Karko, and Wali Language GroupsAmy Krell. 2012. "Rapid Appraisal Sociolinguistic Survey Among Ama, Karko, and Wali Language Groups." SIL. Online: http://www.sil.org/silesr/2012/silesr2012-023_ESR_357_final.pdf.http://www.sil.org/silesr/2012/silesr2012-023_ESR_357_final.pdf
- Towards a general Orthography of the Ajang LanguagesKhaliifa Jabr el Dar. 2006. "Towards a General Orthography of the Ajang Languages." In Insights into Nilo-Saharan Language, History and Culture: Proceedings of the 9th Nilo-Saharan Linguistic Colloquium, Institute of African and Asian Studies, University of Khartoum, 16-19 February 2004, edited by Al-Amin Abu-Manga et al. 23: 183-198. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe.
- Loan Word Evidence from the Nuba Mountains: Kordofan Nubian and the Nyimang GroupFranz Rottland and Angelika Jakobi. 1991. "Loan Word Evidence From the Nuba Mountains: Kordofan Nubian and the Nyimang Group." In Ägypten im Afro-orientalischen Kontext. Aufsätze zur Archäologie, Geschichte und Sprache eines unbegrenzten Raumes: Gedenkschrift Peter Behrens, edited by Daniela Mendel and Ulrike Claudi. 249-269. Inst. für Afrikanistik, Univ. zu Köln.
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