Overview
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Threatened

Native Speakers Worldwide

<4,000

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Recent Resources

No resources

Community Members

    No members

Revitalization Programs

No programs

Discussion Forum

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Language Information By Source

East and Southeast Asia
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Threatened

Native Speakers Worldwide

<4,000

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

5,000

Non-monolingual speakers

All

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2007

Location and Context

Countries

China

Coordinates

No data

Location description

Hainan Province, Sanya County, Huihui and Huixin villages.

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers’s attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

Hainan Province, Sanya County, Huihui and Huixin villages.

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

Hainanese Min, Cantonese, Mandarin

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

Mandarin Chinese used for education and other formal purposes.

Threatened

Native Speakers Worldwide

3,700

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2010

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

18.2727,109.3871

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers’s attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Threatened

Native Speakers Worldwide

3,800

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

5,000

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

Speaker number data: (Y. Zheng 1999). Ethnic population data: (D. Bradley 2000)

Year of info

2009

Location and Context

Countries

China;

Coordinates

No data

Location description

South Hainan Prefecture; Yaxian (Sanya) County, Yanglan District, Huixin and Huihui villages

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers’s attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

South Hainan Prefecture; Yaxian (Sanya) County, Yanglan District, Huixin and Huihui villages

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

Also use the Fukienese dialect of Min Nan Chinese [nan], Yue Chinese [yue], or Mandarin Chinese [cmn].

No data

Native Speakers Worldwide

No data

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2005

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

18.25,109.5

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers’s attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Threatened

Native Speakers Worldwide

3,800

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers’s attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Media Resources

No resources

No resources

No resources

No resources

No resources

No resources

Filter By

No programs

  1. Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled by research teams at University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute for Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) at Eastern Michigan University
    2012. "Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled By Research Teams At University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute For Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) At Eastern Michigan University."
  2. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)
    Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)
    http://www.ethnologue.com/
  3. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger
    Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)
    http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas
  4. World Oral Literature Project
    "World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.
    http://www.oralliterature.org
  5. East and Southeast Asia
    Bradley, David. 2007. "East and Southeast Asia." In Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages, edited by C. Moseley. 349-424. London & New York: Routledge.
  6. The World Atlas of Language Structures
    2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.
  7. Contact induced variation and syntactic change in the Tsat of Hainan
    Thurgood, Graham and Fengxiang Li. 2003. "Contact Induced Variation and Syntactic Change in the Tsat of Hainan." In Language variation: papers on variation and change in the Sinosphere and in the Indosphere in honour of James A.~Matisoff, edited by David Bradley et al.. 555: 185-200. Canberra: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University.
  8. From Malay to Sinitic: the restructuring of Tsat under intense language contact
    Thurgood, Graham and Fengxiang "Frank" Li. 2007. "From Malay To Sinitic: the Restructuring of Tsat Under Intense Language Contact." In SEALS XII Papers from the 12th Annual Meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society 2002, edited by R. Wayland et al.. 4: 129-136. Canberra: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University.
  9. A Grammatical Sketch of Hainan Cham: History, Contact, and Phonology
    Graham Thurgood, Ela Thurgood, and Fengxiang Li (李鳳祥). 2014. A Grammatical Sketch of Hainan Cham: History, Contact, and Phonology. Walter de Gruyter.
  10. A study of Utsat (回輝話研究)
    Zheng, Yiqing (鄭貽青). 1997. A study of Utsat (回輝話研究). Shanghai: Shanghai Far East Publishing (上海遠東出版社).
  11. Hainan Cham, Anong, and Eastern Cham: Three languages, three social contexts, three patterns of change
    Graham Thurgood. 2010. Hainan Cham, Anong, and Eastern Cham: Three languages, three social contexts, three patterns of change. Journal of Language Contact 3.2: 39-61.