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Language Information By Source

North America
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Severely Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

4,200

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

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Young adult speakers

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Older adult speakers

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Elder Speakers

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Ethnic Population

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Non-monolingual speakers

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More about speakers

Spoken by 4,000 to 6,000 residents of the the former territory of the Muscogee (Creek) Nation and Seminole Nation in east-central Oklahoma, and by fewer than 200 members of Seminole Tribe of Florida, most of them living on the Brighton Reservation. The dialect of Creek spoken by the Florida Seminoles is distinct. There are also some differences between the dialects of the tribal groups in Oklahoma. As of 2001, the youngest speaker in Oklahoma was 18, the youngest in Florida 44. Creek is routinely used among those in their 60s and above, and is also widely used at church services, for hymns, and for ceremonial speeches.

Year of info

2008

Location and Context

Countries

USA, Oklahoma, Florida

Coordinates

No data

Location description

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Government support

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Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

As of 2001, the youngest speaker in Oklahoma was 18, the youngest in Florida 44. Creek is routinely used among those in their 60s and above, and is also widely used at church services, for hymns, and for ceremonial speeches.

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Threatened

Native Speakers Worldwide

5,000

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2010

Location and Context

Countries

USA, Oklahoma, Florida

Coordinates

35.6319,-95.9616

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

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Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

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Threatened

Native Speakers Worldwide

4,000-6,000

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

Almost all except the elderly

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2007

Location and Context

Countries

USA, Oklahoma, Florida

Coordinates

No data

Location description

Spoken by residents of the the former territory of the Muscogee (Creek) Nation and Seminole Nation in east-central Oklahoma, and by members of Seminole Tribe of Florida, most of them living on the Brighton Reservation.

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

Alphabetic

Other writing systems

Spoken by residents of the the former territory of the Muscogee (Creek) Nation and Seminole Nation in east-central Oklahoma, and by members of Seminole Tribe of Florida, most of them living on the Brighton Reservation.

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

English

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

Several schools have attempted to introduce Creek in the first few years of primary education, and it has been taught in one elementary school in Florida since 1979. Courses are offered in Creek at the University of Oklahoma and other institutions, and approximately 100 adults study Creek formally each year.

No data

Native Speakers Worldwide

No data

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2010

Location and Context

Countries

USA, Oklahoma, Florida

Coordinates

35.6319,-95.9616

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Threatened

Native Speakers Worldwide

4300

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

7215

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

4300 (1997 C. Pye). 43 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 7215 (2000 US census). (4000 [2016.])

Year of info

2009

Location and Context

Countries

USA, Oklahoma, Florida

Coordinates

No data

Location description

East central Oklahoma, Creek and Seminole, south Alabama Creek; Florida, Seminole of Brighton Reservation.

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

East central Oklahoma, Creek and Seminole, south Alabama Creek; Florida, Seminole of Brighton Reservation.

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

No data

Native Speakers Worldwide

No data

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2005

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

33.0,-84.0

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Threatened

Native Speakers Worldwide

4,300

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Media Resources

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  1. Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled by research teams at University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute for Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) at Eastern Michigan University
    2012. "Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled By Research Teams At University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute For Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) At Eastern Michigan University."
  2. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger
    Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)
    http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas
  3. World Oral Literature Project
    "World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.
    http://www.oralliterature.org
  4. Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages
    Moseley, Christopher. 2007. Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages, 1 edn. Abingdon: Routledge. ISBN 070071197X
  5. North America
    Victor Golla, Ives Goddard, Lyle Campbell, Marianne Mithun and Mauricio Mixco. 2008. "North America." In Atlas of the World's Languages, edited by Chris Moseley and Ron Asher. 7-41. Routledge.
  6. Endangered Languages of the United States
    Christopher Rogers, Naomi Palosaari and Lyle Campbell. 2010. "Endangered Languages of the United States." In Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger of Disappearing, edited by Christopher Moseley. 108-130. UNESCO.
  7. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)
    Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)
    http://www.ethnologue.com/
  8. The World Atlas of Language Structures
    2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.
  9. Notes on the Bandjalang Dialect: Spoken at Coraki and Bungawalbin Creek, N. S. W.
    Holmer, Nils M. 1971. "Notes On the Bandjalang Dialect: Spoken At Coraki and Bungawalbin Creek, N. S. W." Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies.
  10. Grammar of the Maskwke, or Creek Language
    Buckner, H. F. and G. Herrod. 1860. "Grammar of the Maskwke, or Creek Language." Marion, Alabama: Domestic and Indian Mission Board of the Southern Baptists Convention.
  11. Creek
    Hardy, Donald E. 2005. "Creek." In Native languages of the Southeastern United States, edited by Heather Kay Hardy and Janine Scancarelli. 200-245. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
  12. Comparative Vocabularies of the Seminole and Makasuke Tongues
    Smith, B. 1877. "Comparative Vocabularies of the Seminole and Makasuke Tongues." In The Indian Miscellany, edited by W. W. Beach. 120-126. New York: J. Munsell, Albany.
  13. Tonal Accent in Creek
    Haas, Mary R. 1977. "Tonal Accent in Creek." In Studies in Stress and Accent, edited by L. Hyman. 4: 195-208. University of Southern California Press.
  14. Grammatical description of the Florida Seminole Dialect of Creek
    Nathan, Michele. 1977. "Grammatical Description of the Florida Seminole Dialect of Creek."
  15. A Dictionary of Creek/Muskogee
    Martin, Jack B. and Margaret McKane Mauldin. 2000. "A Dictionary of Creek/Muskogee." University of Nebraska Press.