Overview
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Vulnerable

Native Speakers Worldwide

13,996

Domains of Use

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Speaker Number Trends

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Transmission

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Recent Resources

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Community Members

    No members

Revitalization Programs

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Language Information By Source

Language endangerment in South America: The clock is ticking
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Vulnerable

Native Speakers Worldwide

13,996

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

13,237

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

7,000 speakers and an ethnic population of 6,241 people in Brazil [sic]; 6,996 speakers (and ethnic population) in Colombia.

Year of info

2012

Location and Context

Countries

Brazil and Colombia

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Threatened

Native Speakers Worldwide

7,025

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

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Young adult speakers

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Older adult speakers

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Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2010

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

.6921,-69.8291

Location description

No data

Government support

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Institutional support

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Speakers' attitudes

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Standard orthography

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Script (Writing system)

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Other writing systems

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Other languages used

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Domains of other languages

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More on context

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Native Speakers Worldwide

1460 (in Colombia only)

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

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Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

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Young adult speakers

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Older adult speakers

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Elder Speakers

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Ethnic Population

2104

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

1,460 speak well, 158 understand and speak little, 195 understand and don't speak.

Year of info

2009

Location and Context

Countries

Colombia

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

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Institutional support

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Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

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Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

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Other languages used

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Domains of other languages

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Threatened

Native Speakers Worldwide

4,630

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

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Young adult speakers

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Older adult speakers

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Elder Speakers

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Ethnic Population

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Non-monolingual speakers

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More about speakers

2,630 in Brazil (1986 SIL). 46 Wasona speakers, 16 of them intermarried with other groups (González de Pérez 2000). 4,600 in Brazil (Moore 2006). Population total all countries: 6,600 (2013).

Year of info

2009

Location and Context

Countries

Brazil; Colombia;

Coordinates

No data

Location description

Brazil: Amazonas. Wasonas primarily in Yacayacá village. Colombia: Upper Papurí River and tributaries.

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

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Standard orthography

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Script (Writing system)

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Other writing systems

Brazil: Amazonas. Wasonas primarily in Yacayacá village. Colombia: Upper Papurí River and tributaries.

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

Tukano is used as an L2 by Curripaco [kpc], Desano [des], Hupdë [jup], Nhengatu [yrl], Piratapuyo [pir], Pokangá [pok], Siriano [sri], Tuyuca [tue], and Yuhup [yab].

Threatened

Native Speakers Worldwide

6600

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2016

Location and Context

Countries

Brazil, Colombia

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

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Script (Writing system)

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Domains of other languages

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More on context

Also used by as a second language by Cubeo [cub], Curripaco [kpc], Desano [des], Hupdë [jup], Nheengatu [yrl], Piratapuyo [pir], Pokangá [pok], Siriano [sri], Tuyuca [tue], and Yuhup [yab].

No data

Native Speakers Worldwide

No data

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

Speaker number: 1,500-2,000 in Colombia. Ethnic population: Approximately 11,444 in Colombia and Brazil. Welch and West (2000) mention the fact that there are many more speakers of Tucano than the number of 1,500–2,000 that they give for the ethnic group, since it is used as a lingua franca in the Paca and Papurı rivers region.

Year of info

2007

Location and Context

Countries

Brazil and Colombia

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

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Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

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Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

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More on context

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No data

Native Speakers Worldwide

No data

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2005

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

0.5,-69.1666666667

Location description

No data

Government support

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Institutional support

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Speakers' attitudes

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Standard orthography

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Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

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Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Threatened

Native Speakers Worldwide

4,631

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

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Young adult speakers

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Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

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No data

Other languages used

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Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

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Media Resources

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Filter By

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  1. Las lenguas Tucano-Orientales: Elementos para un estudio comparativo
    Ardila, Olga. 1992. "Las Lenguas Tucano-Orientales: Elementos Para Un Estudio Comparativo." In II Congreso del CCELA, Villeta (Cundinamarca), Noviembre 1991: Temas fonologicos; Sintaxis de la predicacion; Espacio, tiempo y modalidad, 2: 67-86. Bogotá: Centro Colombiano de Estudios en Lenguas Aborígenes, Universidad de los Andes.
  2. Pequena gramática e dicionário da lingua Tucana
    Giacone, Antonio. 1000. "Pequena Gramática E Dicionário Da Lingua Tucana." Velho Lino de Lino Aguiar.
  3. The morphology of Tucáno
    Sorensen Jr, A. P. 1969. "The Morphology of Tucáno."
  4. Gramática Popular del Tucano
    West, Birdie. 1980. "Gramática Popular Del Tucano." Summer Institute of Linguistics.
  5. Ensayo de gramática Dagseje o Tokano
    Kok, S. M. M. 1921/1922. "Ensayo De Gramática Dagseje O Tokano." In Anthropos, XVI/XVII: 838-865.
  6. Betóya-Sprachen Nordwestbrasiliens
    Koch-Grünberg, Theodor. 1912, 1913, 1914, 1914, 1915-1916, 1915-1916. "Betóya-Sprachen Nordwestbrasiliens." In Anthropos, 7, 8, 9, 9, 10/11, 10/11: 429-462, 944-977, 151-195, 569-589, 812-832, 114-158, 421-449.
  7. Problemas en torno a la comparación de las Lenguas Tucano-Orientales
    Gómez-Imbert, Elsa. 1993. "Problemas En Torno a La Comparación De Las Lenguas Tucano-Orientales." In Estado Actual de la Clasificación de las Lenguas Indígenas de Colombia, edited by María Luisa Rodríguez de Montes. 11: 235-268. Santafé de Bogotá: Instituto de Caro y Cuervo.
  8. A Família Lingüística Tukano
    Silva, A. Brüzzi Alves da. 1973. "A Família Lingüística Tukano." In Anthropos, 68: 304-310.
  9. A Família Lingüística Tukano
    Silva, A. Brüzzi Alves da. 1972. "A Família Lingüística Tukano." In XXXIX Congreso Internacional de Americanistas (Lima, 1970), 17: 155-164. Lima: Instituto de Estudios Peruanos.
  10. Observações gramaticais da língua Daxseyé ou Tukano
    Brüzzi Alves da silva, Alcionilio. 1966. "Observações Gramaticais Da Língua Daxseyé Ou Tukano."
  11. Further Notes on Betoya Dialects: From Unpublished Sources
    Brinton, Daniel G. 1892. "Further Notes On Betoya Dialects: From Unpublished Sources." In Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 30 , no. 139: 271-278.
  12. La Famille Betoya ou Tucano
    Beuchat, Henri and Paul Rivet. 1911-1912. "La Famille Betoya Ou Tucano." In Mémoires de la Société de Linguistique de Paris, XVII: 117-136, 162-190.
  13. Tucano
    Barnes, Janet. 1999. "Tucano." In The Amazonian Languages, edited by R. M. W. Dixon and Alexandra Aikhenvald. 207-226. Cambridge University Press.
  14. Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled by research teams at University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute for Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) at Eastern Michigan University
    2012. "Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled By Research Teams At University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute For Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) At Eastern Michigan University."
  15. Bases para el estudio del la lengua Pisamira
    Pérez, María Stella González de. 2000. "Bases Para El Estudio Del La Lengua Pisamira." In Lenguas indígenas de Colombia: una visión descriptiva, edited by María Stella González de pérez and María Luisa Rodríguez de montes. 373-394. Instituto Caro y Cuervo.
  16. Bibliografía de la familia lingüística Tukano (antes Betoya)
    Castellvi, Marcelino de. 1939. "Bibliografía De La Familia Lingüística Tukano (antes Betoya)." In Proceedings of the second convention of the Inter American Bibliographical and Library Association 2:2, 79-104. Washington, D.C..
  17. El Tucano
    Welch, Betty and Birdie West. 2000. "El Tucano." In Lenguas indígenas de Colombia: una visión descriptiva, edited by María Stella González de pérez and María Luisa Rodríguez de montes. 419-436. Instituto Caro y Cuervo.
  18. Proto Tucanoan
    Waltz, Nathan E. and Alva Wheeler. 1972. "Proto Tucanoan." In Comparative Studies in Amerindian Languages, 119-149. Mouton de Gruyter.
  19. The Morphology of Tukano
    Sorensen, Jr., Arthur P. The Morphology of Tukano. PhD thesis, Columbia University, 1969.
  20. A Fala Tukano dos Ye'pâ-Masa: Tomo I: Gramática
    Ramirez, Henri. 1997. "A Fala Tukano Dos Ye'pâ-Masa: Tomo I: Gramática." Manaus: Inspetoria Salesiana Missionária da Amazônia, CEDEM.
  21. The World Atlas of Language Structures
    2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.
  22. South America
    Crevels, Mily. 2007. "South America." In Atlas of the World's Endangered Languages, edited by C. Moseley. 103-196. London & New York: Routledge.
  23. Language endangerment in South America: The clock is ticking
    Crevels, Mily. 2012. "Language Endangerment in South America: The Clock Is Ticking." In The Indigenous Languages of South America: A Comprehensive Guide, edited by Hans Henrich Hock et al.. 167-234. Mouton de Gruyter.
  24. World Oral Literature Project
    "World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.
    http://www.oralliterature.org
  25. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger
    Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)
    http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas
  26. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)
    Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)
    http://www.ethnologue.com/