Overview
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Language Information By Source

North America
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Vulnerable

Native Speakers Worldwide

12,000

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

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Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

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Child speakers

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Young adult speakers

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Older adult speakers

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Elder Speakers

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Ethnic Population

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Non-monolingual speakers

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More about speakers

Of a population of about 12,000, all but a small number are speakers.

Year of info

2008

Location and Context

Countries

Canada;

Coordinates

No data

Location description

East Cree is the Montagnais-Naskapi dialect spoken in northwestern Quebec, along the east coast of James and Hudson Bay and inland. There is a distinction between northern and southern subdialects, the latter with coastal and inland varieties. The northern dialect is spoken in Whapamagostui (Great Whale River), Chisasibi (Fort George), and Wemindji (Paint Hills); southern dialects are spoken in Nemaska (Nemiscau), Waskaganish (Rupert House), Eastmain, Waswanipi, Ouje-bougamau and Mistissini.

Government support

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Institutional support

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Speakers' attitudes

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Standard orthography

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Script (Writing system)

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Other writing systems

East Cree is the Montagnais-Naskapi dialect spoken in northwestern Quebec, along the east coast of James and Hudson Bay and inland. There is a distinction between northern and southern subdialects, the latter with coastal and inland varieties. The northern dialect is spoken in Whapamagostui (Great Whale River), Chisasibi (Fort George), and Wemindji (Paint Hills); southern dialects are spoken in Nemaska (Nemiscau), Waskaganish (Rupert House), Eastmain, Waswanipi, Ouje-bougamau and Mistissini.

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

English, French

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Threatened

Native Speakers Worldwide

11,295

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

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Child speakers

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Young adult speakers

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Older adult speakers

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Elder Speakers

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Ethnic Population

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Non-monolingual speakers

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More about speakers

6,870 Northern East Cree 4,455 Southern East Cree

Year of info

2010

Location and Context

Countries

Canada;

Coordinates

53.6916,-78.8011; 50.587,-73.6365

Location description

No data

Government support

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Institutional support

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Speakers' attitudes

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Standard orthography

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Script (Writing system)

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Other writing systems

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More on writing systems

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Other languages used

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Domains of other languages

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More on context

No data

Vulnerable

Native Speakers Worldwide

No data

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

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Child speakers

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Young adult speakers

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Older adult speakers

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Elder Speakers

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Ethnic Population

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Non-monolingual speakers

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More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2007

Location and Context

Countries

Canada;

Coordinates

No data

Location description

Spoken in north western Quebec in Whapamagostui (Great Whale River), Chisasibi (Fort George), and Wemindji (Paint Hills).

Government support

No data

Institutional support

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Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

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Script (Writing system)

Syllabic orthography used in education up until the 4th grade.

Other writing systems

Spoken in north western Quebec in Whapamagostui (Great Whale River), Chisasibi (Fort George), and Wemindji (Paint Hills).

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

English, French

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

Schooling is in Cree to grade four, using the syllabic orthography, and in French in the upper grades, with a Cree maintenance program. Local radio service is provided in Cree in each community.

Vulnerable

Native Speakers Worldwide

5,310

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

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Ethnic Population

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Non-monolingual speakers

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More about speakers

Ethnologue distinguishes Northern East Cree [crl] from Southern East Cree [crj]: 12,620 total. Northern East Cree [crl]: 5,310 (1997 Quebec Ministere de la Sante et des Services Sociaux). All Cree L1 speakers in Canada 97,230 (2001 Canada census) (2013 unchanged). Southern East Cree [crj]: 7,310 (1997 MSSS) (2013 unchanged).

Year of info

2009

Location and Context

Countries

Canada;

Coordinates

No data

Location description

Northern East Cree [crl]: West central Quebec, east coast of lower Hudson Bay and James Bay; some speakers likely on Nunavut islands in James Bay; Whapmagoostui, Chisasibi, Wemindji, and most in Eastmain communities. Southern East Cree [crj]: Quebec, southeastward from James Bay, inland to the watershed east of Lake Mistissini. Coastal communities of Waskaganish, some in Eastmain. Inland, in Mistissini, Waswanipi, Nemaska, Ouje-Bougoumo.

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

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Standard orthography

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Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

Northern East Cree [crl]: West central Quebec, east coast of lower Hudson Bay and James Bay; some speakers likely on Nunavut islands in James Bay; Whapmagoostui, Chisasibi, Wemindji, and most in Eastmain communities. Southern East Cree [crj]: Quebec, southeastward from James Bay, inland to the watershed east of Lake Mistissini. Coastal communities of Waskaganish, some in Eastmain. Inland, in Mistissini, Waswanipi, Nemaska, Ouje-Bougoumo.

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

English, French

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

No data

Native Speakers Worldwide

No data

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

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Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

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Semi-speakers

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Child speakers

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Young adult speakers

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Older adult speakers

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Elder Speakers

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Ethnic Population

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Non-monolingual speakers

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More about speakers

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Year of info

2005

Location and Context

Countries

Canada;

Coordinates

51.0,-74.0

Location description

No data

Government support

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Institutional support

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Speakers' attitudes

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Standard orthography

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Script (Writing system)

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Other writing systems

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More on writing systems

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Other languages used

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Domains of other languages

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More on context

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Threatened

Native Speakers Worldwide

12,614

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

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Transmission

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Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

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Semi-speakers

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Child speakers

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Young adult speakers

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Older adult speakers

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Elder Speakers

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Ethnic Population

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Non-monolingual speakers

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More about speakers

5,308 Northern East Cree; 7,306 Southern East Cree

Year of info

Location and Context

Countries

Canada;

Coordinates

No data

Location description

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Government support

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Institutional support

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Speakers' attitudes

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Standard orthography

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Script (Writing system)

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Other writing systems

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More on writing systems

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Other languages used

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Domains of other languages

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More on context

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Media Resources

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  1. Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled by research teams at University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute for Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) at Eastern Michigan University
    2012. "Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled By Research Teams At University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute For Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) At Eastern Michigan University."
  2. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)
    Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)
    http://www.ethnologue.com/
  3. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger
    Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)
    http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas
  4. Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages
    Moseley, Christopher. 2007. Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages, 1 edn. Abingdon: Routledge. ISBN 070071197X
  5. North America
    Victor Golla, Ives Goddard, Lyle Campbell, Marianne Mithun and Mauricio Mixco. 2008. "North America." In Atlas of the World's Languages, edited by Chris Moseley and Ron Asher. 7-41. Routledge.
  6. World Oral Literature Project
    "World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.
    http://www.oralliterature.org
  7. The World Atlas of Language Structures
    2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.
  8. Spoken Cree
    Ellis, C. Douglas. 1975. "Spoken Cree." Alberta Department of Education.
  9. Spoken Cree
    Ellis, C. Douglas. 1983. "Spoken Cree." Pica Pica Press.