Overview
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Awakening

Native Speakers Worldwide

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Language Information By Source

The Praeger Handbook on Contemporary Issues in Native America, Volume 1: Linguistic, Ethnic, and Economic Revival
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Awakening

Native Speakers Worldwide

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“Mabie ‘Neva’ Eggsman, one of the last living keepers of the Klamath language, died in 2003 at age 95. Eggsman was the Klamath Tribes’ [sic] master language teacher, and her death left a void the Klamaths have been struggling to fill ever since. Klamath and Modoc, which is a closely related language, are near extinction, with no known living Native speakers. Today, in an attempt to reclaim the language, Randee Sheppard, one of two part-time language teachers for the tribes, takes the language into the classrooms of Mills and Chiloquin elementary schools and helps teach at the Culture Camp for children every year.” (p, 26)

Year of info

2007

Location and Context

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Awakening

Native Speakers Worldwide

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Domains of Use

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Speaker Number Trends

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Transmission

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Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

6

Semi-speakers

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Ethnic Population

170

Non-monolingual speakers

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More about speakers

"The last speaker died in 2003 (Watanabe and Sasama 2007). Ethnic population: 170 (2000 census). L2 users: 6 (Golla 2007)."

Year of info

2015

Location and Context

Countries

USA

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Location description

"Oregon, south central, areas east and north of Klamath and Agency lakes; Modoc directly south."

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"Oregon, south central, areas east and north of Klamath and Agency lakes; Modoc directly south."

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"Shifted to English [eng]."

Critically Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

1

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Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

~6

Semi-speakers

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Older adult speakers

~6

Elder Speakers

1

Ethnic Population

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Year of info

2007

Location and Context

Countries

USA

Coordinates

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Location description

South-central Oregon and northeastern California

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South-central Oregon and northeastern California

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Critically Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

1

Domains of Use

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Year of info

2008

Location and Context

Countries

USA

Coordinates

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Location description

Oregon, California

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Oregon, California

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Dormant

Native Speakers Worldwide

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More about speakers

According to the Klamath Falls, OR Herald and News (Sept 16th, 2003), Mabie “Neva” Eggstrom, the last remaining fluent speaker of Klamath, died on Sept. 14th, 2003 (p. 91).

Year of info

2004

Location and Context

Countries

USA

Coordinates

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Location description

Oregon

Government support

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Oregon

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Native Speakers Worldwide

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Speakers

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Ethnic Population

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Non-monolingual speakers

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Year of info

2005

Location and Context

Countries

USA

Coordinates

42.5,-121.5

Location description

Oregon

Government support

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Script (Writing system)

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Oregon

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Critically Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

1

Domains of Use

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Speaker Number Trends

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Transmission

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Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

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Semi-speakers

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Child speakers

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Year of info

Location and Context

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Media Resources

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  1. Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled by research teams at University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute for Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) at Eastern Michigan University
    2012. "Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled By Research Teams At University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute For Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) At Eastern Michigan University."
  2. North America
    Golla, Victor. 2007. "North America." In Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages, edited by C. Moseley. 1-96. London & New York: Routledge.
  3. World Oral Literature Project
    "World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.
    http://www.oralliterature.org
  4. North America
    Victor Golla, Ives Goddard, Lyle Campbell, Marianne Mithun and Mauricio Mixco. 2008. "North America." In Atlas of the World's Languages, edited by Chris Moseley and Ron Asher. 7-41. Routledge.
  5. The World Atlas of Language Structures
    2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.
  6. Intonation and Syntax in Klamath
    Underriner, Janne L. Intonation and Syntax in Klamath. PhD thesis, University of Oregon, 2002.
  7. Klamath Texts
    Barker, M. A. R. 1963. "Klamath Texts." 30: University of California Press.
  8. Klamath Grammar
    Barker, M. A. R. 1964. "Klamath Grammar." 32: University of California Press.
  9. The Klamath Language
    Barker, M. A. R. 1964. "The Klamath Language." 32: Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
  10. The Klamath Indians of Southwestern Oregon
    Gatschet, Albert Samuel. 1890. "The Klamath Indians of Southwestern Oregon." 2.1: Government Printing Office.
  11. Imperative constructions in Klamath
    Stegnij, Viktor A. 2001. "Imperative Constructions in Klamath." In Typology of Imperative Constructions, edited by Victor S. Xrakovskij. 78-97. Lincom Europa.
  12. Semantic and pragmatic objects in Klamath
    Rude, Noel. 1988. "Semantic and Pragmatic Objects in Klamath." In In honor of Mary Haas, edited by William Shipley. 651-673. Moutin de Gruyter.
  13. Klamath Dictionary
    Barker, M. A. R. 1963. "Klamath Dictionary." University of California Press.
  14. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 18th Edition
    Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds.). 2015. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Eighteenth edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com.
    http://www.ethnologue.com
  15. Obstacles facing tribal language programs in Warm Springs, Klamath, and Grand Ronde
    Haynes, Erin F. 2004. Obstacles facing tribal language programs in Warm Springs, Klamath, and Grand Ronde. Coyote Papers: Working Papers in Linguistics, Special Volume Dedicated to the Indigenous Languages of the Americas, 87-102. Tucson: University of Arizona Linguistics Circle. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/126636
    http://hdl.handle.net/10150/126636
  16. The Praeger Handbook on Contemporary Issues in Native America, Volume 1: Linguistic, Ethnic, and Economic Revival