Overview
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Critically Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

<12

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Community Members

    No members

Revitalization Programs

No programs

Discussion Forum

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Language Information By Source

California Indian Languages
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Critically Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

<12

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers

30?

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

There are fewer than a dozen first-language speakers, along with a larger number of semispeakers and passive speakers. Up to thirty people have some degree of second-language fluency (p. 86).

Year of info

2011

Location and Context

Countries

USA, California

Coordinates

No data

Location description

Karuk is the heritage language of the Karuk Tribe of the Klammath River in northwestern California.

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers’s attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

Karuk is the heritage language of the Karuk Tribe of the Klammath River in northwestern California.

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

English

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

No data

Native Speakers Worldwide

<12

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2010

Location and Context

Countries

USA, California

Coordinates

41.7929,-123.3763

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers’s attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Severely Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

<12

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers

~30

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

"...a larger number of semi-speakers and passive speakers [than fluent Native speakers]" (Golla 2007:53).

Year of info

2007

Location and Context

Countries

USA, California

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers’s attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

"...many children have acquired a degree of familiarity with Karuk in school-based programs at both the primary and the secondary level, and through a tribally sponsored summer immersion camp. Several pairs of speakers and learners have participated in the master-apprentice program. The tribe has a Language Committee that coordinates some of these activities...One tribal scholar has published extensively in Karuk" (Golla 2007:53-4).

Severely Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

<12

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

There are fewer than a dozen fluent first-language speakers, and a larger number of semi-speakers and passive speakers.

Year of info

2008

Location and Context

Countries

USA, California

Coordinates

No data

Location description

Karuk Tribe of the Klamath River in northwestern California.

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers’s attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

Karuk Tribe of the Klamath River in northwestern California.

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Severely Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

<12

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

There are fewer than a dozen fluent first-language speakers, and a larger number of semi-speakers and passive speakers.

Year of info

2008

Location and Context

Countries

USA, California

Coordinates

No data

Location description

Karuk Tribe of the Klamath River in northwestern California.

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers’s attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

Karuk Tribe of the Klamath River in northwestern California.

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Severely Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

<12

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

There are fewer than a dozen fluent first-language speakers, and a larger number of semi-speakers and passive speakers.

Year of info

2008

Location and Context

Countries

USA, California

Coordinates

No data

Location description

Karuk Tribe of the Klamath River in northwestern California.

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers’s attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

Karuk Tribe of the Klamath River in northwestern California.

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Severely Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

<12

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

There are fewer than a dozen fluent first-language speakers, and a larger number of semi-speakers and passive speakers.

Year of info

2008

Location and Context

Countries

USA, California

Coordinates

No data

Location description

Karuk Tribe of the Klamath River in northwestern California.

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers’s attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

Karuk Tribe of the Klamath River in northwestern California.

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Severely Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

<12

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

There are fewer than a dozen fluent first-language speakers, and a larger number of semi-speakers and passive speakers.

Year of info

2008

Location and Context

Countries

USA, California

Coordinates

No data

Location description

Karuk Tribe of the Klamath River in northwestern California.

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers’s attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

Karuk Tribe of the Klamath River in northwestern California.

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Severely Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

<12

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

There are fewer than a dozen fluent first-language speakers, and a larger number of semi-speakers and passive speakers.

Year of info

2008

Location and Context

Countries

USA, California

Coordinates

No data

Location description

Karuk Tribe of the Klamath River in northwestern California.

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers’s attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

Karuk Tribe of the Klamath River in northwestern California.

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Severely Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

<12

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

There are fewer than a dozen fluent first-language speakers, and a larger number of semi-speakers and passive speakers.

Year of info

2008

Location and Context

Countries

USA, California

Coordinates

No data

Location description

Karuk Tribe of the Klamath River in northwestern California.

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers’s attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

Karuk Tribe of the Klamath River in northwestern California.

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Severely Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

<12

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

There are fewer than a dozen fluent first-language speakers, and a larger number of semi-speakers and passive speakers.

Year of info

2008

Location and Context

Countries

USA, California

Coordinates

No data

Location description

Karuk Tribe of the Klamath River in northwestern California.

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers’s attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

Karuk Tribe of the Klamath River in northwestern California.

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Severely Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

<12

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

There are fewer than a dozen fluent first-language speakers, and a larger number of semi-speakers and passive speakers.

Year of info

2008

Location and Context

Countries

USA, California

Coordinates

No data

Location description

Karuk Tribe of the Klamath River in northwestern California.

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers’s attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

Karuk Tribe of the Klamath River in northwestern California.

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Severely Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

<12

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

There are fewer than a dozen fluent first-language speakers, and a larger number of semi-speakers and passive speakers.

Year of info

2008

Location and Context

Countries

USA, California

Coordinates

No data

Location description

Karuk Tribe of the Klamath River in northwestern California.

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers’s attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

Karuk Tribe of the Klamath River in northwestern California.

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Severely Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

<12

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

There are fewer than a dozen fluent first-language speakers, and a larger number of semi-speakers and passive speakers.

Year of info

2008

Location and Context

Countries

USA, California

Coordinates

No data

Location description

Karuk Tribe of the Klamath River in northwestern California.

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers’s attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

Karuk Tribe of the Klamath River in northwestern California.

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Severely Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

<12

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

There are fewer than a dozen fluent first-language speakers, and a larger number of semi-speakers and passive speakers.

Year of info

2008

Location and Context

Countries

USA, California

Coordinates

No data

Location description

Karuk Tribe of the Klamath River in northwestern California.

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers’s attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

Karuk Tribe of the Klamath River in northwestern California.

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Severely Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

<12

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

There are fewer than a dozen fluent first-language speakers, and a larger number of semi-speakers and passive speakers.

Year of info

2008

Location and Context

Countries

USA, California

Coordinates

No data

Location description

Karuk Tribe of the Klamath River in northwestern California.

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers’s attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

Karuk Tribe of the Klamath River in northwestern California.

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Media Resources

No resources

No resources

No resources

No resources

Filter By

No programs

  1. Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled by research teams at University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute for Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) at Eastern Michigan University
    2012. "Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled By Research Teams At University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute For Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) At Eastern Michigan University."
  2. North America
    Golla, Victor. 2007. "North America." In Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages, edited by C. Moseley. 1-96. London & New York: Routledge.
  3. Endangered Languages of the United States
    Christopher Rogers, Naomi Palosaari and Lyle Campbell. 2010. "Endangered Languages of the United States." In Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger of Disappearing, edited by Christopher Moseley. 108-130. UNESCO.
  4. The World Atlas of Language Structures
    2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.
  5. North America
    Victor Golla, Ives Goddard, Lyle Campbell, Marianne Mithun and Mauricio Mixco. 2008. "North America." In Atlas of the World's Languages, edited by Chris Moseley and Ron Asher. 7-41. Routledge.
  6. Karok
    Bright, William. 1978. "Karok." In California, edited by Robert F. Heizer. 8: 180-189. Smithsonian Institution, Washington:.
  7. The Karok Language
    Bright, William. 1957. "The Karok Language." 13: Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
  8. A Grammar of the Karok Language
    Bright, William O. A Grammar of the Karok Language. PhD thesis, University of California, 1955.
  9. Notes on Karok internal reconstruction
    Haas, Mary R. 1980. "Notes On Karok Internal Reconstruction." In American Indian and Indoeuropean Studies: Papers in Honor of Madison S.~Beeler, edited by Kathryn Klar et al.. 67-76. Hague: Mouton de Gruyter.
  10. The Karok Language
    Bright, William. 1957. "The Karok Language." 13: University of California Press.
  11. Coyote Steals Fire (Karok)
    Bright, William. 1977. "Coyote Steals Fire (Karok)." In Northern California Texts, edited by Victor Golla and Shirley Silver. 3-9.
  12. Inverse Marking in Karuk: the Function of the Suffix -ap
    Macaulay, Monica. 1992. "Inverse Marking in Karuk: the Function of the Suffix -ap." In International Journal of American Linguistics, 58 , no. 2: 182-201.
  13. Karuk texts
    Harrington, J. P. 1931. "Karuk Texts." In International Journal of American Linguistics, 6: 121-161.