Yaka
Aka; Nyoyaka; Beká; Pygmée de Mongoumba; Pygmée de la Lobaye; Pygmées de la Sanghas; Babinga; Bambenga; Binga; Beka; Mòáka;
Niger-Congo; Atlantic-Congo; Benue-Congo; Southern Bantoid
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axk
Lingala, Sango

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"While population figures estimate the Aka population at 30,000 there are good reasons to believe that the language/dialect(s) as a whole is at risk of disappearing. Progressively Aka/Bayaka-speakers are leaving the confines of the forest areas and are settling in the vicinity of smaller settlements in hope of day labour or medical assistance. Often it is exactly due to the effort of 'helping' the forest populations that they are being drawn out of their original environment. Frequently the consequence of these noble efforts is destitution, illness and the loss of their language in favour of Sango, in the Central African Republic and Lingala in the Congo."
2007
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"Spoken in the dense forest area that forms the border between the Central African Republic and Congo-Brazzaville."
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"Spoken in the dense forest area that forms the border between the Central African Republic and Congo-Brazzaville."
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Lingala, Sango
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"The generally accepted population figure for the Bayaka people is around 30,000 (Bahuchet and Thomas 1986:81, Bahuchet 1993b:81, Grimes 2000). It is very difficult to determine the exact size of the Bayaka population due to their mobile hunter-gatherer lifestyle. The Central African government census of 1990 registered about 9,400 Bayaka in C.A.R (Recensement RCA 1988). Previously, Cavalli-Sforza had attempted a limited survey of the Bayaka of the Lobaye. He noted that only the Bayaka who happened to be near a village at the time of the census would be counted (1986:26). This same restriction would certainly hold true for the 1990 government census."
2001
Location and Context
Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo
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"Rain forest of Central African Republic and Congo-Brazzaville, between the Sangha and the Ubangi Rivers (Bahuchet and Thomas 1986:81). More precisely, the Bayaka territory reflects the land that was covered by the forest before deforestation: another 30–70 kilometers beyond the current borders of the forest (personal observation)... It is possible that part of the Bayaka population lives across the Ubangi River in the western Democratic Republic of Congo (former Zaire). There are Pygmies living in that region, but research still needs to be done as to their language and ethnic identity (Margaret Hill, personal communication 1997)."
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"Rain forest of Central African Republic and Congo-Brazzaville, between the Sangha and the Ubangi Rivers (Bahuchet and Thomas 1986:81). More precisely, the Bayaka territory reflects the land that was covered by the forest before deforestation: another 30–70 kilometers beyond the current borders of the forest (personal observation)... It is possible that part of the Bayaka population lives across the Ubangi River in the western Democratic Republic of Congo (former Zaire). There are Pygmies living in that region, but research still needs to be done as to their language and ethnic identity (Margaret Hill, personal communication 1997)."
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Sango
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"[A] test in Sango was applied to the Bayaka of Londo village and Moali camp in 1994 with interesting results. Basically, the forest Bayaka have a higher level of Sango ability than would be expected. Their ability varies by age, gender, and contact with outsiders. "
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30,000
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1996
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Congo
2.108899,17.069321
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2009
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2005
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2.66666666667,16.25
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- Bantu group KK (North-Central Coñgoland), language 165: Sañga dialects of Lower Sañga, incl. Babiñga (Yadiñga), Bambû, Basinde, Basañga, Bamponde (Banpondo, Bampondo), Boñga, Mboshi, BantomiJohnston, Harry Hamilton. 1919/22. "Bantu Group KK (North-Central Coñgoland), Language 165: Sañga Dialects of Lower Sañga, Incl. Babiñga (Yadiñga), Bambû, Basinde, Basañga, Bamponde (Banpondo, Bampondo), Boñga, Mboshi, Bantomi." In A comparative study of the Bantu and semi-Bantu languages, Clarendon Press.
- Changements techno-économiques et sociaux chez les pygmées Babinga (nord-Congo et sud-Centrafrique)Demesse, Lucien. 1978. "Changements Techno-économiques Et Sociaux Chez Les Pygmées Babinga (nord-Congo Et Sud-Centrafrique)." 2 vols: 258. Soc. des Etudes Linguistiques et Anthropologiques de France (SELAF).
- Quelques problèmes comparatifs de langues bantoues C10 des confins oubanguiens: le cas du mbati, du ngando et de l’akaBouquiaux, Luc and Jacqueline Mauricette Christiane Thomas. 1994. "Quelques Problèmes Comparatifs De Langues Bantoues C10 Des Confins Oubanguiens: Le Cas Du Mbati, Du Ngando Et De L’aka." In Sprachen und Sprachzeugnisse in Afrika: eine Sammlung philologischer Beiträge Wilhelm J.G. Möhlig zum 60. Geburtstag zugeeignet, edited by Thomas Geider and Raimund Kastenholz. 87-106. Rüdiger Köppe Verlag.
- La place des verbes composés dans un dictionnaire yulu-françaisBoyeldieu, Pascal. 2005. "La Place Des Verbes Composés Dans Un Dictionnaire Yulu-français." In Paroles nomades: ecrits d’ethnolinguistique africaine en hommage à Christian Seydou, edited by U. Baumgardt and Jean Derive. 375-392. Ed. Karthala.
- Compound verbs and modalities of process in Yulu (Central Sudanic)Pascal Boyeldieu. 2007. "Compound Verbs and Modalities of Process in Yulu (Central Sudanic)." In Advances in Nilo-Saharan linguistics: proceedings of the 8th Nilo-Saharan linguistics colloquium, University of Hamburg, August 22-25, 2001, edited by Mechthild Reh and Doris L. Payne. 25-39. Rüdiger Köppe Verlag. Online: http://llacan.vjf.cnrs.fr/publications/Yulu_Vcomp_8NS.pdf.http://llacan.vjf.cnrs.fr/publications/Yulu_Vcomp_8NS.pdf
- Les populations de la moyenne Sanga: Ponio, Boumali, Babinga, avec trente-trois figures, dix planches et deux cartesBruel, Georges. 1910. "Les Populations De La Moyenne Sanga: Ponio, Boumali, Babinga, Avec Trente-trois Figures, Dix Planches Et Deux Cartes." In Revue d’ethnographie et de sociologie, 1: 3-32, 125.
- L’aka, langue bantoue des pygmées de Mongoumba, Centrafrique: introduction à l’étude linguistique (phonologie)Cloarec-Heiss, France and Jacqueline Mauricette Christiane Thomas. 1978. "L’aka, Langue Bantoue Des Pygmées De Mongoumba, Centrafrique: Introduction À L’étude Linguistique (phonologie)." 204. Soc. des Etudes Linguistiques et Anthropologiques de France (SELAF).
- Bantu group SS (Kadei-Sañga-Lobai), language 224: Bayañga or Bayaka (of Niumba), Pygmies’ dialects of Upper Sañga and LobaiJohnston, Harry Hamilton. 1919/22. "Bantu Group SS (Kadei-Sañga-Lobai), Language 224: Bayañga or Bayaka (of Niumba), Pygmies’ Dialects of Upper Sañga and Lobai." In A comparative study of the Bantu and semi-Bantu languages, Clarendon Press.
- Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)http://www.ethnologue.com/
- Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled by research teams at University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute for Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) at Eastern Michigan University2012. "Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled By Research Teams At University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute For Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) At Eastern Michigan University."
- Pygmées de Centrafrique: études ethnologiques, historiques et linguistiques sur les “Ba.Mbenga” (aka/baka) du nord-ouest du bassin congolaisBahuchet, Serge. 1979. "Pygmées De Centrafrique: Études Ethnologiques, Historiques Et Linguistiques Sur Les “Ba.Mbenga” (aka/baka) Du Nord-ouest Du Bassin Congolais."
- Relations entre chasseurs-collecteurs pygmées et agriculteurs de la forêt du nord-ouest du bassin congolaisBahuchet, Serge and H. Guillaume. 1979. "Relations Entre Chasseurs-collecteurs Pygmées Et Agriculteurs De La Forêt Du Nord-ouest Du Bassin Congolais." In Pygmées de Centrafrique: études ethnologiques, historiques et linguistiques sur les “Ba.Mbenga” (aka/baka) du nord-ouest du bassin congolais, edited by Serge Bahuchet. 109-139.
- Aka-farmer relations in the northwest Congo basinBahuchet, Serge and H. Guillaume. 1982. "Aka-farmer Relations in the Northwest Congo Basin." In Politics and history in band societies, edited by Eleanor B. Leacock and Richard B. Lee. 189-211. Cambridge Univ. Press; Ed. de la Maison des Sciences de l’Homme.
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