Overview
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Awakening

Native Speakers Worldwide

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Transmission

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Community Members

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Discussion Forum

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Language Information By Source

Boruca: behind the mask
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Awakening

Native Speakers Worldwide

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Speakers

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Non-monolingual speakers

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More about speakers

"The language experienced a revival in the 1970s when efforts for cultural preservation began."

Year of info

Location and Context

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Location description

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Government support

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Dormant

Native Speakers Worldwide

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Domains of Use

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Transmission

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Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

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Semi-speakers

20

Child speakers

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Young adult speakers

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Older adult speakers

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Elder Speakers

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Ethnic Population

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Non-monolingual speakers

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More about speakers

The last fluent speakers passed away in 2004.

Year of info

2012

Location and Context

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Critically Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

3 (Adelaar 2007). 30–35 nonfluent speakers. Ethnic population: 1,000 (1991).

Domains of Use

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Speaker Number Trends

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Transmission

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Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

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Semi-speakers

30-35

Child speakers

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Young adult speakers

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Older adult speakers

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Elder Speakers

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Ethnic Population

1,000

Non-monolingual speakers

"Nearly all"

More about speakers

"3 (Adelaar 2007). 30–35 nonfluent speakers. Ethnic population: 1,000 (1991)."

Year of info

2015

Location and Context

Countries

Costa Rica

Coordinates

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Location description

"Puntarenas province: south coast between Playa Bonita and Golfito."

Government support

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Script (Writing system)

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Other writing systems

"Puntarenas province: south coast between Playa Bonita and Golfito."

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

Spanish [spa]

Domains of other languages

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More on context

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Critically Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

3

Domains of Use

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Speaker Number Trends

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Transmission

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Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

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Semi-speakers

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Child speakers

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Young adult speakers

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Older adult speakers

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Elder Speakers

3

Ethnic Population

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Non-monolingual speakers

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More about speakers

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Year of info

2007

Location and Context

Countries

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More on context

"Language attitude was apparently the ultimate reason for decay, as younger generations utterly despised the language. The Boruca sense of identity is in their craftsmanship, not the language." (Adelaar 2007:198)

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Native Speakers Worldwide

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Older adult speakers

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Elder Speakers

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Ethnic Population

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Non-monolingual speakers

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More about speakers

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Year of info

2005

Location and Context

Countries

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Coordinates

8.83333333333,-83.25

Location description

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Government support

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Critically Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

5

Domains of Use

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Transmission

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Speakers

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Media Resources

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  1. Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled by research teams at University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute for Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) at Eastern Michigan University
    2012. "Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled By Research Teams At University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute For Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) At Eastern Michigan University."
  2. World Oral Literature Project
    "World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.
    http://www.oralliterature.org
  3. Meso-America
    Adelaar, William and J. Diego Quesada. 2007. "Meso-America." In Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages, edited by Christopher Moseley. 197-209. London and New York: Routledge.
  4. Chibchan Languages
    Constenla Umaña, Adolfo. 2012. "Chibchan Languages." In Languages of South America: A Comprehensive Guide, edited by Lyle Campbell and Verónica Grondona. Mouton de Gruyter.
  5. The World Atlas of Language Structures
    2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.
  6. Réquiem por una lengua Indígena Costarricense: Situación actual del Boruca
    Pacheco, Miguel Ángel Quesada. 1997. "Réquiem Por Una Lengua Indígena Costarricense: Situación Actual Del Boruca." In América Indígena, 57 , no. 3-4: 295-313.
  7. Lengua o Dialecto Boruca o Brúnkajk
    Espíritu Santo Maroto Rojas. 1999. "Lengua O Dialecto Boruca O Brúnkajk." Editorial de la Universidad de Costa Rica.
  8. Boruca: behind the mask
    http://www.boruca.org/en/language/
  9. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 18th Edition
    Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds.). 2015. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Eighteenth edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com.
    http://www.ethnologue.com