Sapé
Caliana; Kaliana; Kariana; Calianá; Chirichano; Cariana;
Isolate; South America
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4?
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In 1964 only 10 adults could speak some Sapé; Migliazza recorded Sapé materials from one of the last speakers in that year. Walter Coppens (1970a) found a speaker who was married to two women of Uruák origin, though everyone in the family spoke only Pemón. From Coppens’ description, this consultant seems to have been a semi-speaker. Coppens (1970a) collected a small unpublished vocabulary list from him. By 1977 there were reported to be only 5 speakers (Migliazza 1978). Francia Medina (2008) reported that the last speaker of Sapé passed away in 2004; she had lived in the community of Boca de Karún. Nevertheless, Laura Perozo et al. (2008:175) report that in fieldwork in 2005 four speakers (apparently semi-speakers) of Sapé were found, two in the community of Karunken (río Karún), one in Boca de Ichún, and one in the community of Kawaimaken. One of these, Carolina Torres Capote of Karunken was over 60 years old in 2005 (Medina 2008:740), from whom Perozo et al. were able to obtain a short wordlist.
2013
Location and Context
Venezuela
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Sapé (a.k.a. Kaliana, Kariana, Sape) was spoken on the Paragua River and its Karun tributary in southern Venezuela near Brazil. Its status is unclear.
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Sapé (a.k.a. Kaliana, Kariana, Sape) was spoken on the Paragua River and its Karun tributary in southern Venezuela near Brazil. Its status is unclear.
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2010
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5.0033,-63.5449
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<25
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5 (1977 E. Migliazza). Ethnic population: 25 or fewer (1977 E. Migliazza). (Speaker number unchanged 2016.)
2009
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Venezuela;
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Bolivar State, 3 small settlements on the Paragua and Karuna rivers.
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Bolivar State, 3 small settlements on the Paragua and Karuna rivers.
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20
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2012
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Venezuela
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28 (in 1992)
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Most Sapé have intermarried with Pemon (Cariban), and a few with Uruak and Yanam (Yanomaman). These linguistically mixed marriages, especially with the economically more powerful Pemon, have led to a language shift from Sapé to Pemon.
2007
Location and Context
Venezuela
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Bolivar State, three settlements on the Paragua and Karun rivers.
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Bolivar State, three settlements on the Paragua and Karun rivers.
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2010
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- Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled by research teams at University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute for Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) at Eastern Michigan University2012. "Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled By Research Teams At University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute For Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) At Eastern Michigan University."
- Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)http://www.ethnologue.com/
- Atlas of the World’s Languages in DangerMoseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas
- The status of the least documented language families in the worldHarald Hammarström. 2010. "The Status of the Least Documented Language Families in the World." In Language Documentation and Conservation, 4: 177-212. Online: http://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/handle/10125/4478/hammarstrom.pdf;jsessionid=76414DD90F95DF076959B1AEB0158091?sequence=1.http://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/handle/10125/4478/hammarstrom.pdf;jsessionid=76414DD90F95DF076959B1AEB0158091?sequence=1
- World Oral Literature Project"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.http://www.oralliterature.org
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