Sandawe
Sandaui; Sandaweeki; Sandwe; Kisandawe; Sandawi;
Isolate; African
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Recent Resources
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"Estimates for numbers of speakers range from 90000 to 30000. The 'Atlasi ya Lugha za Tanzania' published by the University of Dar es Salaam in 2009 is somewhere in the middle, with a total of 65935 Sandawe speakers."
2011
Location and Context
Central Tanzania
-5.342583, 35.562744
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40,000
Most
"We estimate that there are approximately 40,000 Sandawe. A figure of between 70,000 and 90,000 has also been suggested (Wright et al. 1995:1)."
2008
Location and Context
Tanzania
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"The Sandawe people live north of Dodoma in the Kondoa District of central Tanzania. The area populated by the Sandawe is about 50 km in diameter from north to south and from east to west. In addition, a relatively large group of Sandawe lives on the outskirts of Arusha."
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"The Sandawe people live north of Dodoma in the Kondoa District of central Tanzania. The area populated by the Sandawe is about 50 km in diameter from north to south and from east to west. In addition, a relatively large group of Sandawe lives on the outskirts of Arusha."
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Swahili
School; with non-Sandawe
"Interaction often takes place between the Sandawe and the other ethnic groups living among them, though conversation is normally carried out in Swahili. Some people from other ethnic backgrounds report being able to understand Sandawe, but the language is rarely spoken by non-Sandawe. ... Along the main road through the area where the Sandawe people live (Dodoma – Kwa Mtoro – Singida), most Sandawe also speak Swahili, although the level of proficiency has not been determined. Some of the older people have a very limited understanding of Swahili and do not speak it. In the more remote areas, we have even met teenagers who do not know Swahili. Children attending school, however, are required to learn Swahili and teaching is in Swahili."

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"Children are still using Sandawe at the moment, and all believed that they would continue to do so in the future"
2007
Location and Context
Kondoa district of central Tanzania
-5.219511, 35.426788
"Taking the village of Kwa Mtoro as the geographical centre of the Sandawe-speaking area, there are three main groups of Sandawe villages, which cluster along three of the four roads leading out of Kwa Mtoro."
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"Taking the village of Kwa Mtoro as the geographical centre of the Sandawe-speaking area, there are three main groups of Sandawe villages, which cluster along three of the four roads leading out of Kwa Mtoro."
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2010
Location and Context
Kondoa district of central Tanzania
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Swahili
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"Most Sandawe also speak Swahili [conversational fluency]"

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2009
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"...etwa 25.000 Sprecher."
1983
Location and Context
Tanzania
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Central Tanzania
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Central Tanzania
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2005
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-5.0,35.0
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- Tanzanian and Ugandan isolatesElderkin, Edward Derek. 1983. "Tanzanian and Ugandan Isolates." In Nilotic studies: proceedings of the international symposium on languages and history of the Nilotic peoples, Cologne, January 4-6, 1982, edited by Rainer Vossen and Marianne Bechhaus-Gerst. v. 2: 499-521. Dietrich Reimer Verlag.
- Microtaxonomy: language and blood groups in the African HornFleming, Harold C. 1979. "Microtaxonomy: Language and Blood Groups in the African Horn." In Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Ethiopian studies, session B, April 13-16, 1978, Chicago, USA, edited by Richard Samuel Hess. 25-49. Univ. of Illinois Press.
- Auf den Spuren des Vormenschen: Forschungen, Fahrten und Erlebnisse ind Deutsch-Ostafrika (Deutsche Afrika-Expedition 1934-1936 und 1937-1939)Kohl-Larsen, Ludwig. 1943. "Auf Den Spuren Des Vormenschen: Forschungen, Fahrten Und Erlebnisse Ind Deutsch-Ostafrika (Deutsche Afrika-Expedition 1934-1936 Und 1937-1939)." 2 Bde: Strecker & Schröder.
- Bericht über meine Forschungen in Deutsch-Ostafrika (Afrikaexpedition 1934-1936 und 1937-1939) unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Fundstätten fossiler Menschenreste (mit Lichtbilder)Kohl-Larsen, Ludwig. 1939. "Bericht Über Meine Forschungen in Deutsch-Ostafrika (Afrikaexpedition 1934-1936 Und 1937-1939) Unter Besonderer Berücksichtigung Der Fundstätten Fossiler Menschenreste (mit Lichtbilder)." In Zeits. für Ethnologie, 71: 417-424.
- Sandawe-go no shinkou hyougen de no go no gruupu ni tsuite: syukaku setsuji no kousetsu ni kanshite = A word group in the progressive expression of the Sandawe language: concerning the suffixation of a subject markerKagaya, Ryohei. 1994. "Sandawe-go No Shinkou Hyougen De No Go No Gruupu Ni Tsuite: Syukaku Setsuji No Kousetsu Ni Kanshite = A Word Group in the Progressive Expression of the Sandawe Language: Concerning the Suffixation of a Subject Marker." In Journal of Asian and African studies / Ajia Afuriku gengo bunka kenkyu, 46/47: 175-187.
- Jiyuu gojun gengo deno gojun seegen: Sandawe-go no baai = Restriction on word order in a free word order language: the case of the Sandawe languageKagaya, Ryohei. 1990. "Jiyuu Gojun Gengo Deno Gojun Seegen: Sandawe-go No Baai = Restriction On Word Order in a Free Word Order Language: the Case of the Sandawe Language." In Journal of Asian and African studies / Ajia Afuriku gengo bunka kenkyu, 40: 1-12.
- Are the African Pygmies an Ethnographic Fiction?Roger Blench. 1999. "Are the African Pygmies An Ethnographic Fiction?" In Central African Hunter-Gatherers in a Multidisciplinary Perspective: Challenging Elusiveness, edited by Karen Biesboruck et al. 41-60. Netherlands: Research School of Asian, African and Amerindian Studies (CNWS), Universiteit Leiden.
- The Alagwa: a northern intrusion in a Tanzanian Khoi-San culture, as testified through Sandawe oral traditionEric Ten Raa. 1986. "The Alagwa: a Northern Intrusion in a Tanzanian Khoi-San Culture, As Testified Through Sandawe Oral Tradition." In Contemporary studies on Khoisan: in honour of Oswin Köhler on the occasion of his 75th birthday, edited by Rainer Vossen and Klaus Keuthmann. v. 2: 271-299. Helmut Buske Verlag.
- A Sandawe Dialect SurveyEaton, Helen, Daniel Hunziker and Elisabeth Hunziker. 2007. "A Sandawe Dialect Survey." In SIL Electronic Survey Reports, 2007-014: Online: http://www.sil.org/silesr/abstract.asp?ref=2007-014.http://www.sil.org/silesr/abstract.asp?ref=2007-014
- Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)http://www.ethnologue.com/
- Archaeology and linguistic reconstructions of history in East AfricaAmbrose, Stanley Harmon. 1982. "Archaeology and Linguistic Reconstructions of History in East Africa." In The archaeological and linguistic reconstruction of African history, edited by Christopher Ehret and Merrick Posnansky. 104-157. Univ. of California Press.
- Tanzanian and Ugandan isolatesElderkin, E. D. 1982. "Tanzanian and Ugandan Isolates." In Nilotic Studies. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Languages and History of the Nilotic Peoples, edited by R. Vossen and M. Bechhaus-Gerst. 10: 499-521. Universität zu Köln, Institut für Afrikanistik.
- Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled by research teams at University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute for Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) at Eastern Michigan University2012. "Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled By Research Teams At University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute For Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) At Eastern Michigan University."
- Tanzanian and Ugandan IsolatesElderkin, E. D. 1983. "Tanzanian and Ugandan Isolates." In Nilotic Studes: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Languages and History of the Nilotic Peoples, Cologne, January 4-6, 1982, edited by Rainer Vossen and Marianne Bechhaus-Gerst. 10: 499-521. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer.
- The East African Click Languages: A Phonetic ComparisonTucker, A. N., M. A. Bryan and James Woodburn. 1977. "The East African Click Languages: A Phonetic Comparison." In Zur Sprachgeschichte und Ethnohistorie in Afrika: neue Beiträge afrikanistischer Forschungen (Herrn Prof.~Dr.~Oswin Köhler zur Vollendung des 65.~lebensjahres gewidmet von seinen Schülern, Freunden und Kollegen, edited by Wilhelm J. G. Möhlig et al.. 300-322. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer.
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