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Language Information By Source

Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 19th Edition (2016)
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Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

19,060

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

In Brazil: 10,300 in Brazil (2005) In Colombia: 8,000 in Colombia (2004) In Venezuela: 760 in Venezuela (2001 census); very few if any (Crevels 2007).

Year of info

2016

Location and Context

Countries

Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Threatened

Native Speakers Worldwide

8,000

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2010

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

1.2303,-66.8408

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Threatened

Native Speakers Worldwide

8,000

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

3,000 in Brazil (1998).

Year of info

2009

Location and Context

Countries

Venezuela; Brazil; Colombia;

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Threatened

Native Speakers Worldwide

4294

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

~4294

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

3000 speakers in Brazil and 1294 speakers out of an ethnic population of 1294 people (2001) in Venezuela

Year of info

2012

Location and Context

Countries

Brazil and Venezuela

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Threatened

Native Speakers Worldwide

3,000

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

Nheengatu is a creolised version of Tupinambá (Tupi-Guarani), which was spread from the east coast by white merchants and missionaries. It was widely used as a lingua franca among indigenous groups and is still used among various groups, some as a first language, others as only a second language. Estimates of numbers of speakers vary widely and it is difficult to get accurate figures.

Year of info

2007

Location and Context

Countries

Brazil and Venezuela

Coordinates

No data

Location description

Amazonas State, Upper Rio Negro, Vaupes area; Lower Rio Negro, Sao Gabriel da Cachoeira Municipality, especially between the Curicuriari and Mare rivers.

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

Amazonas State, Upper Rio Negro, Vaupes area; Lower Rio Negro, Sao Gabriel da Cachoeira Municipality, especially between the Curicuriari and Mare rivers.

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

Tukano

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Threatened

Native Speakers Worldwide

8,000

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Media Resources

No resources

No resources

Filter By

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  1. Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled by research teams at University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute for Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) at Eastern Michigan University
    2012. "Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled By Research Teams At University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute For Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) At Eastern Michigan University."
  2. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)
    Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)
    http://www.ethnologue.com/
  3. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger
    Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)
    http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas
  4. World Oral Literature Project
    "World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.
    http://www.oralliterature.org
  5. South America
    Crevels, Mily. 2007. "South America." In Atlas of the World's Endangered Languages, edited by C. Moseley. 103-196. London & New York: Routledge.
  6. Language endangerment in South America: The clock is ticking
    Crevels, Mily. 2012. "Language Endangerment in South America: The Clock Is Ticking." In The Indigenous Languages of South America: A Comprehensive Guide, edited by Hans Henrich Hock et al.. 167-234. Mouton de Gruyter.
  7. Nheengatu (língua geral Amazônica), its history, and the effects of language contact
    Moore, Denny, Sidney Facundes and Nádia Pires. 1994. "Nheengatu (língua Geral Amazônica), Its History, and the Effects of Language Contact." In Proceedings of the meeting of the Society for the Study of the Indigenous Languages of the Americas and the Hokan-Penutian workshop, 8: 93-118. Berkeley: University of California.
  8. Reconhecimento dos rios Içána, Ayarí e Uaupés
    1950. "Reconhecimento Dos Rios Içána, Ayarí E Uaupés." In Journal de la Société des Américanistes, 39 , no. 1: 125-182.
  9. Reconhecimento dos rios Içána, Ayarí, e Uaupés, março a julho de 1927: Apontamentos linguísticos
    1955. "Reconhecimento Dos Rios Içána, Ayarí, E Uaupés, Março a Julho De 1927: Apontamentos Linguísticos." In Journal de la Société des Américanistes, 44 , no. 1: 149-178.
  10. Vocabularios da Lingua Geral do Brazil
    Nimuendajú-Unkel, C. 1914. "Vocabularios Da Lingua Geral Do Brazil." In ZfE, 46: 615-618.
  11. Vocabularios da lingua geral Portuguez-Nheêngatú e Nheêngatú-Portuguez
    Stradelli, Ermanno. 1929. "Vocabularios Da Lingua Geral Portuguez-Nheêngatú E Nheêngatú-Portuguez." Rio de Janeiro: J.~Leite.
  12. Apontamentions Sobre o Nheengatu Falado no Rio Negro, Brasil
    Taylor, G. 1985. "Apontamentions Sobre O Nheengatu Falado No Rio Negro, Brasil." In Amerindia, 10: 5-24.
  13. Natureza e direções das mudanças lexicais ocorridas na língua geral Amazônica do século XVII
    De Oliveira, Renata Lopes Gomes. Natureza E Direções Das Mudanças Lexicais Ocorridas Na Língua Geral Amazônica Do Século XVII. Master thesis, Campinas: Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 2008.
  14. A língua Geral Amazônica: aspectos de sua fonêmica
    Borges, Luiz Carlos. A Língua Geral Amazônica: Aspectos De Sua Fonêmica. Master thesis, , 1991.
  15. Notes on the Lingoa Geral or Modern Tupi of the Amazonas
    Hartt, Fred Ch. 1872. "Notes On the Lingoa Geral or Modern Tupi of the Amazonas." In Transactions of the American Philological Association, 3: 58-76.