Nheengatú
Ñeengatú; Nhengatu; Yeral; Geral; Língua Geral; Nyengatú; Nyengato; Ñeegatú; Waengatu; Língua Jeral; Jeral; Língua Geral Amazônica; Nheengatú; Tapïhïya;
Tupian; Tupi-Guaranian; Tupi
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In Brazil: 10,300 in Brazil (2005) In Colombia: 8,000 in Colombia (2004) In Venezuela: 760 in Venezuela (2001 census); very few if any (Crevels 2007).
2016
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Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela
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2010
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1.2303,-66.8408
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3,000 in Brazil (1998).
2009
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Venezuela; Brazil; Colombia;
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~4294
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3000 speakers in Brazil and 1294 speakers out of an ethnic population of 1294 people (2001) in Venezuela
2012
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Brazil and Venezuela
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Nheengatu is a creolised version of Tupinambá (Tupi-Guarani), which was spread from the east coast by white merchants and missionaries. It was widely used as a lingua franca among indigenous groups and is still used among various groups, some as a first language, others as only a second language. Estimates of numbers of speakers vary widely and it is difficult to get accurate figures.
2007
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Brazil and Venezuela
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Amazonas State, Upper Rio Negro, Vaupes area; Lower Rio Negro, Sao Gabriel da Cachoeira Municipality, especially between the Curicuriari and Mare rivers.
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Amazonas State, Upper Rio Negro, Vaupes area; Lower Rio Negro, Sao Gabriel da Cachoeira Municipality, especially between the Curicuriari and Mare rivers.
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Tukano
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- Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled by research teams at University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute for Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) at Eastern Michigan University2012. "Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled By Research Teams At University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute For Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) At Eastern Michigan University."
- Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)http://www.ethnologue.com/
- Atlas of the World’s Languages in DangerMoseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas
- World Oral Literature Project"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.http://www.oralliterature.org
- Nheengatu (língua geral Amazônica), its history, and the effects of language contactMoore, Denny, Sidney Facundes and Nádia Pires. 1994. "Nheengatu (língua Geral Amazônica), Its History, and the Effects of Language Contact." In Proceedings of the meeting of the Society for the Study of the Indigenous Languages of the Americas and the Hokan-Penutian workshop, 8: 93-118. Berkeley: University of California.
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