Mako

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~1,500

Some (men more likely to speak Spanish than women)

"A comparison of the data from the 2001 census [1,130 Mako people] with that from the 2011 one [1,211 Mako people] shows that the size of the group has remained relatively stable. My personal estimate, however, puts the Mako community around over 1,500 people... Mattéi-Müller (personal communication) reports that, out of the 1,211 Makos identified in the 2011 census, 1,078 reported speaking their language while only nine reported not speaking it."

2015

Venezuela

4.232227, -66.403103

Mako communities are located in Amazonas state, in the Atabapo municipality (in the areas of Caño Yaquivapo, Caño Guapuchí, Río Ventuari, and Caño Yureba) and the Manapiare municipality (in the areas of Río Ventuari and Caño Parú).

Official support for indigenous languages

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Roman-based

Mako communities are located in Amazonas state, in the Atabapo municipality (in the areas of Caño Yaquivapo, Caño Guapuchí, Río Ventuari, and Caño Yureba) and the Manapiare municipality (in the areas of Río Ventuari and Caño Parú).

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Spanish, Piaroa

Spanish (school, interaction with outsiders); Piaroa with Piaroa speakers

"Spanish is primarily used only in situations involving the presence of criollos... it is also used in schools. The use of Piaroa differs from community to community; it positively correlates with the number of Piaroa speakers in any given village... The legal framework and instruments to promote the use of Mako in the indigenous communities where the language is spoken and in the education system exist; however, many of these policies remain unimplemented... The Mako people whom I know and with whom I have interacted over the last three years are most definitely not ashamed of using their language—for example, they use it overtly amongst themselves while in the cities—and, in fact, seem to see it as essential to their community and their identity. It is impossible to guarantee that all the members of all the Mako communities value their language and wish to see it promoted but I think it safe to affirm that most members of the communities with whom I have worked or those I have just visited support language maintenance."