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Language Information By Source

UNESCO RED BOOK ON ENDANGERED LANGUAGES: NORTHEAST ASIA
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Critically Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

<60

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

~180

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2000

Location and Context

Countries

Russia, Japan

Coordinates

No data

Location description

In the central part of Sakhalin, within Sakhalin Oblast, Russia; there used to be Orok speakers also in the southern part of the island (Karafuto), from where individuals were evacuated (after 1945) to Hokkaido, Japan; the descendants of this small emigrant population have by now lost the Orok language.

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

Cyrillic script

Other writing systems

In the central part of Sakhalin, within Sakhalin Oblast, Russia; there used to be Orok speakers also in the southern part of the island (Karafuto), from where individuals were evacuated (after 1945) to Hokkaido, Japan; the descendants of this small emigrant population have by now lost the Orok language.

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

Russian, Japanese

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

degree of speakers' competence: rapidly deteriorating, the last speakers being fully bilingual in Russian

Critically Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

<50

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

24

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

87 (as of 2005) estimated by the Sakhalin Energy Investment Company Ltd. (SEIC)

Non-monolingual speakers

all

More about speakers

"Ozolinja (2002:144-145) reported the following figures according to the estimated data available in September 2000. ・ Ca.10 persons: active speakers (who actively produce folklore; with slight knowledge of Russian) ・ 16 persons:conditionally bilingual (who speak Uilta depending on the circumstances; without knowledge of folklore; with good knowledge of Russian; all aged over 50) ・ 24 persons: passive speakers (who understand with the aid of communication in Russian)." (p. 70)

Year of info

2010

Location and Context

Countries

Sakhalin, Russia

Coordinates

52.341, 143.091; 49.402, 143.669; 49.320, 142.947

Location description

the north-eastern part of Sakhalin

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

yes

Other writing systems

the north-eastern part of Sakhalin

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

Russian

Domains of other languages

all

More on context

In the past, dialectal differences existed depending on speakers' geographical location. There used to be high multilingualism among the Uilta. In general, Ainu used to be a local lingua franca in the mid 19th century, but it is unclear whether the southern Uilta were capable of speaking Ainu. The nothern Uilta might be able to speak Nivkh before the 20th century. The Uilta were also in a long term contact with the Evenki in terms of economy and culture. During the WWII, the northern Uilta had to learn Russian in school whereas the southern group were influenced by Japanese. After the WWII, the island has been governed by the URSS, leading to language shift to Russian among the indigenous groups ("Russification"). A small portion of the southern Uilta had moved to Hokkaido (Japan) but they failed to pass down Uilta to the following generations.

Severely Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

64

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2010

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

52.3437,143.0557

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Severely Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

67

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

346

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

64 in Russian Federation. Population total all countries: 67. Ethnic population: 346.

Year of info

2009

Location and Context

Countries

Russia; Japan

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Severely Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

<40

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2007

Location and Context

Countries

Siberia, Russian Federation

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

Cyrillic script

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

Japanese and Russian

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Critically Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

16-25

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

300-400

Non-monolingual speakers

all

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2009

Location and Context

Countries

Russia

Coordinates

50.844, 142.900

Location description

the Sakhalin Island

Government support

no

Institutional support

no

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

no

Other writing systems

the Sakhalin Island

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

Russian

Domains of other languages

all

More on context

Less than 10% of the population speak Orok. The rest have shifted to Russian.

No data

Native Speakers Worldwide

No data

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

190

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

1993

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

No data

Location description

The Oroks live in the northern part of Sakhalin Island in the Sea of Okhotsk, and in the Poronai District in the south of the island.

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

none

Other writing systems

The Oroks live in the northern part of Sakhalin Island in the Sea of Okhotsk, and in the Poronai District in the south of the island.

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

Russian

Domains of other languages

schools

More on context

No data

No data

Native Speakers Worldwide

No data

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2005

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

49.5,143.5

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Severely Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

50

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Media Resources

No resources

No resources

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  1. The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire
    "The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire." edited by Andrew Humphreys and Krista Mits. Online: http://www.eki.ee/books/redbook.
    http://www.eki.ee/books/redbook
  2. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)
    Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)
    http://www.ethnologue.com/
  3. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger
    Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)
    http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas
  4. World Oral Literature Project
    "World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.
    http://www.oralliterature.org
  5. The World Atlas of Language Structures
    2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.
  6. UNESCO RED BOOK ON ENDANGERED LANGUAGES: NORTHEAST ASIA
    Juha Janhunen; Tapani Salminen. 2000. "UNESCO RED BOOK ON ENDANGERED LANGUAGES: NORTHEAST ASIA." Online: http://www.helsinki.fi/~tasalmin/nasia_report.html
    http://www.helsinki.fi/~tasalmin/nasia_report.html
  7. Jazyk Orokov (Ul'ta)
    Petrova, Taisija Ivanovna. 1967. "Jazyk Orokov (Ul'ta)." Leningrad: Nauka, Leningradskoe Otdelenie.
  8. Orokskij jazyk
    Novikova, K. A. and L. I. Sem. 1997. "Orokskij Jazyk." In Jazyki mira, Mongol'skie jazyki, Tunguso-Man'chzhurskie jazyki, Japonskij jazyk, Korejskij Jazyk, edited by V. M. et al. Alpatov. 201-215. Indrik.
  9. Orokskij jazyk
    Petrova, Taisija Ivanovna. 1968. "Orokskij Jazyk." In Jazyki narodov SSSR. Volume 5: Mongol'skie, tunguso-man'chzhurskie i paleoaziaskie jazyki, edited by P. Ja. Skorik. 172-190. Nauka.
  10. Materials for the Study of the Orok (Uilta) Language and Folklore 2
    Pilsudski, Bronislaw. 1987. "Materials For the Study of the Orok (Uilta) Language and Folklore 2." Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu.
  11. Basic vocabulary (A) of Tungusic languages
    Kazama, Shinjiro 風間伸次郎. 2003. Basic vocabulary (A) of Tungusic languages. (Endangered Languages of the Pacific Rim Publications Series, A2-037.) Osaka: ELPR. iii+145pp.
  12. Grammatical Outline of Uilta (Revised)
    Tsumagari, Toshiro. 2009. Grammatical Outline of Uilta (Revised). Journal of the Graduate School of Letters 4, 1-21. http://hdl.handle.net/2115/37062
    http://hdl.handle.net/2115/37062
  13. A Preliminary Study of Language Contacts around Uilta in Sakhalin
    Yamada, Yoshiko. 2010. A Preliminary Study of Language Contacts around Uilta in Sakhalin. Journal of the Center for Northern Humanities 3, 59-75. http://hdl.handle.net/2115/42939
    http://hdl.handle.net/2115/42939