Orok
Ulta; Ujlta; орокский язык; ульта; уйльта; Uilta; Sprache der Oroken;
Tungusic; Southern Tungusic; Amur Tungusic
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oaa
Russian, Japanese
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~180
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2000
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Russia, Japan
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In the central part of Sakhalin, within Sakhalin Oblast, Russia; there used to be Orok speakers also in the southern part of the island (Karafuto), from where individuals were evacuated (after 1945) to Hokkaido, Japan; the descendants of this small emigrant population have by now lost the Orok language.
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Cyrillic script
In the central part of Sakhalin, within Sakhalin Oblast, Russia; there used to be Orok speakers also in the southern part of the island (Karafuto), from where individuals were evacuated (after 1945) to Hokkaido, Japan; the descendants of this small emigrant population have by now lost the Orok language.
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Russian, Japanese
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degree of speakers' competence: rapidly deteriorating, the last speakers being fully bilingual in Russian
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24
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87 (as of 2005) estimated by the Sakhalin Energy Investment Company Ltd. (SEIC)
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"Ozolinja (2002:144-145) reported the following figures according to the estimated data available in September 2000. ・ Ca.10 persons: active speakers (who actively produce folklore; with slight knowledge of Russian) ・ 16 persons:conditionally bilingual (who speak Uilta depending on the circumstances; without knowledge of folklore; with good knowledge of Russian; all aged over 50) ・ 24 persons: passive speakers (who understand with the aid of communication in Russian)." (p. 70)
2010
Location and Context
Sakhalin, Russia
52.341, 143.091; 49.402, 143.669; 49.320, 142.947
the north-eastern part of Sakhalin
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yes
the north-eastern part of Sakhalin
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Russian
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In the past, dialectal differences existed depending on speakers' geographical location. There used to be high multilingualism among the Uilta. In general, Ainu used to be a local lingua franca in the mid 19th century, but it is unclear whether the southern Uilta were capable of speaking Ainu. The nothern Uilta might be able to speak Nivkh before the 20th century. The Uilta were also in a long term contact with the Evenki in terms of economy and culture. During the WWII, the northern Uilta had to learn Russian in school whereas the southern group were influenced by Japanese. After the WWII, the island has been governed by the URSS, leading to language shift to Russian among the indigenous groups ("Russification"). A small portion of the southern Uilta had moved to Hokkaido (Japan) but they failed to pass down Uilta to the following generations.
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2010
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52.3437,143.0557
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346
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64 in Russian Federation. Population total all countries: 67. Ethnic population: 346.
2009
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Russia; Japan
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2007
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Siberia, Russian Federation
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Cyrillic script
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Japanese and Russian
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300-400
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2009
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Russia
50.844, 142.900
the Sakhalin Island
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the Sakhalin Island
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Russian
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Less than 10% of the population speak Orok. The rest have shifted to Russian.
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190
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1993
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The Oroks live in the northern part of Sakhalin Island in the Sea of Okhotsk, and in the Poronai District in the south of the island.
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The Oroks live in the northern part of Sakhalin Island in the Sea of Okhotsk, and in the Poronai District in the south of the island.
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2005
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49.5,143.5
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- The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire"The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire." edited by Andrew Humphreys and Krista Mits. Online: http://www.eki.ee/books/redbook.http://www.eki.ee/books/redbook
- Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)http://www.ethnologue.com/
- Atlas of the World’s Languages in DangerMoseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas
- World Oral Literature Project"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.http://www.oralliterature.org
- UNESCO RED BOOK ON ENDANGERED LANGUAGES: NORTHEAST ASIAJuha Janhunen; Tapani Salminen. 2000. "UNESCO RED BOOK ON ENDANGERED LANGUAGES: NORTHEAST ASIA." Online: http://www.helsinki.fi/~tasalmin/nasia_report.htmlhttp://www.helsinki.fi/~tasalmin/nasia_report.html
- Grammatical Outline of Uilta (Revised)Tsumagari, Toshiro. 2009. Grammatical Outline of Uilta (Revised). Journal of the Graduate School of Letters 4, 1-21. http://hdl.handle.net/2115/37062http://hdl.handle.net/2115/37062
- A Preliminary Study of Language Contacts around Uilta in SakhalinYamada, Yoshiko. 2010. A Preliminary Study of Language Contacts around Uilta in Sakhalin. Journal of the Center for Northern Humanities 3, 59-75. http://hdl.handle.net/2115/42939http://hdl.handle.net/2115/42939
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