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Language Information By Source

Endangered languages of the Middle East
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Dormant

Native Speakers Worldwide

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Speakers

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Year of info

2007

Location and Context

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Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

100

Domains of Use

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Year of info

2010

Location and Context

Countries

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Coordinates

34.3139,70.3729

Location description

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Native Speakers Worldwide

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Year of info

1994

Location and Context

Countries

Pakistan; Afghanistan; India

Coordinates

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Location description

Part of Nūrestān and adjacent areas along the Kabul river and its tributaries in the mountain region that encompasses northeastern Afghanistan, northern Pakistan, and northwestern India

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Other writing systems

Part of Nūrestān and adjacent areas along the Kabul river and its tributaries in the mountain region that encompasses northeastern Afghanistan, northern Pakistan, and northwestern India

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The central subgroup is further subdivided into northern and southern groupings. The northern grouping includes Khowar (or Chitrali, Chitrari, Chatrori, Arniya) and Kalasha in the Chitral region. The southern grouping includes Tirahi, Gawar (or Gawar-bati, lit., “language of the Gawar people”), Katarkalai (or Wotapuri, referring to another dialect), Shumashti, Glangali (closely related Ningalami, reported in the literature but apparently no longer extant), and Pashai, a large group of extremely divergent dialects or closely related languages, in the southern part of Nūrestān and adjacent areas.

Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

100

Domains of Use

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Speaker Number Trends

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Ethnic population: Possibly 5,000

Year of info

2009

Location and Context

Countries

Afghanistan;

Coordinates

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Location description

Southeast of Jalalabad, west of Khyber Pass, Nangarhar village

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Southeast of Jalalabad, west of Khyber Pass, Nangarhar village

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Location and Context

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Coordinates

34.167925, 69.563483

Location description

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Native Speakers Worldwide

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Year of info

1934

Location and Context

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Location description

Spoken in a few villages southeast of Jalalabad in Afghanistan

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Spoken in a few villages southeast of Jalalabad in Afghanistan

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Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

100

Domains of Use

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Speaker Number Trends

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Transmission

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Speakers

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Media Resources

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  1. Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled by research teams at University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute for Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) at Eastern Michigan University
    2012. "Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled By Research Teams At University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute For Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) At Eastern Michigan University."
  2. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)
    Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)
    http://www.ethnologue.com/
  3. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger
    Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)
    http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas
  4. World Oral Literature Project
    "World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.
    http://www.oralliterature.org
  5. Glottolog
    "Glottolog." Online: http://www.glottolog.org/glottolog/.
    http://www.glottolog.org/glottolog/
  6. Notes on Tirahi
    Morgenstierne, Georg. 1934. "Notes On Tirahi." In Acta Orientalia, XII: 161-189.
  7. Dardestān ii. Language
    D.I. Edel'man. 1994. "Dardestān Ii. Language." In Encyclopedia Iranica, Online: http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/dardestan-#i.
    http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/dardestan-#i