Overview
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Threatened

Native Speakers Worldwide

3,700-5,100

Domains of Use

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Speaker Number Trends

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Transmission

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Community Members

    No members

Revitalization Programs

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Language Information By Source

Language policy, multilingualism and language vitality in Pakistan
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Threatened

Native Speakers Worldwide

3,700-5,100

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

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Older adult speakers

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Elder Speakers

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Ethnic Population

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Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

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Year of info

2006

Location and Context

Countries

Pakistan

Coordinates

No data

Location description

"Gobar, Rumbur Valley (Chitral)"

Government support

No data

Institutional support

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Speakers’s attitudes

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Standard orthography

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Script (Writing system)

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Other writing systems

"Gobar, Rumbur Valley (Chitral)"

More on writing systems

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Other languages used

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Domains of other languages

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Vulnerable

Native Speakers Worldwide

18,700

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

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Speakers

Second-language speakers

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Semi-speakers

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Child speakers

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Young adult speakers

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Ethnic Population

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Non-monolingual speakers

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More about speakers

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Year of info

2010

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

35.3845,71.3177

Location description

No data

Government support

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Institutional support

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Speakers’s attitudes

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Standard orthography

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Script (Writing system)

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Other writing systems

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Other languages used

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Domains of other languages

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More on context

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Native Speakers Worldwide

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Child speakers

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Ethnic Population

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Non-monolingual speakers

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More about speakers

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Year of info

1994

Location and Context

Countries

Afghanistan; Pakistan; India

Coordinates

No data

Location description

Spoken in part of Nūrestān and adjacent areas along the Kabul river and its tributaries in the mountain region that encompasses northeastern Afghanistan, northern Pakistan, and northwestern India.

Government support

No data

Institutional support

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Speakers’s attitudes

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Standard orthography

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Script (Writing system)

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Other writing systems

Spoken in part of Nūrestān and adjacent areas along the Kabul river and its tributaries in the mountain region that encompasses northeastern Afghanistan, northern Pakistan, and northwestern India.

More on writing systems

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Other languages used

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Domains of other languages

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More on context

The Nūrestānī languages (also known traditionally as Kafiri languages) are sometimes included as a western subgroup of the Dardic group of languages (see Shaw, 1876, pp. 146-47; Grierson; Morgenstierne, 1945; idem, 1974). They are the languages of Afghan Nūrestān, known as Kafiristan until the people adopted Islam on the eve of the 20th century. This subgroup includes Kati (including the eastern dialect Bashgali), Waigali (or Wai, Wai-alā), and related Tregami (or Gambiri) and Zemiaki; Ashkun and the closely related language or dialect Wamai; and Prasun (or Paruni, Wasin-veri, Veron). These languages have much in common with the Dardic languages and are spoken in close geographical proximity to them, but their origin is not the same (see below). The attribution of the Dameli language, which exhibits both Nūrestānī and Dardic features, is not clear. Some authors also include in the Dardic group the Ḍumaki language, spoken by a people scattered in groups in Hunza and Nagar. Genetically, however, it belongs to the Central Indo-Aryan languages (being close to Gypsy), rather than to the Dardic group.

Vulnerable

Native Speakers Worldwide

19,400

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers

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Semi-speakers

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Child speakers

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Young adult speakers

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Older adult speakers

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Elder Speakers

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Ethnic Population

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Non-monolingual speakers

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More about speakers

15,000 in Afghanistan (1994). Population total all countries: 19,400.

Year of info

2009

Location and Context

Countries

Afghanistan; Pakistan

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

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Institutional support

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Speakers’s attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

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Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

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More on writing systems

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Other languages used

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Domains of other languages

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More on context

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Native Speakers Worldwide

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Child speakers

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Ethnic Population

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Non-monolingual speakers

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More about speakers

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Year of info

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

35.420967, 71.292564

Location description

No data

Government support

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Institutional support

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Speakers’s attitudes

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Standard orthography

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Script (Writing system)

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Other writing systems

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Other languages used

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Domains of other languages

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More on context

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Native Speakers Worldwide

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Domains of Use

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Speaker Number Trends

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Transmission

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Speakers

Second-language speakers

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Semi-speakers

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Child speakers

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Young adult speakers

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Ethnic Population

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Non-monolingual speakers

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More about speakers

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Year of info

2004

Location and Context

Countries

Afghanistan

Coordinates

No data

Location description

A region to the northeast of Afghanistan, imbedded in the Hindu Kush valleys to the south of its main ridge.

Government support

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Speakers’s attitudes

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Script (Writing system)

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Other writing systems

A region to the northeast of Afghanistan, imbedded in the Hindu Kush valleys to the south of its main ridge.

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

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More on context

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Native Speakers Worldwide

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Domains of Use

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Speaker Number Trends

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Semi-speakers

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Child speakers

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Elder Speakers

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More about speakers

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Year of info

2002

Location and Context

Countries

Afghanistan

Coordinates

No data

Location description

The Nuristani languages are spoken almost entirely within the confines of the area of northeast Afghanistan known as Nuristan. It is a land of high mountains and deep valleys, with forests and mountain pastures.

Government support

No data

Institutional support

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Speakers’s attitudes

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Standard orthography

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Script (Writing system)

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Other writing systems

The Nuristani languages are spoken almost entirely within the confines of the area of northeast Afghanistan known as Nuristan. It is a land of high mountains and deep valleys, with forests and mountain pastures.

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

No data

Native Speakers Worldwide

No data

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

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Transmission

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Speakers

Second-language speakers

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Semi-speakers

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Child speakers

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Young adult speakers

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Older adult speakers

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Elder Speakers

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Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

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More about speakers

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Year of info

2005

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

35.5,70.0

Location description

No data

Government support

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Institutional support

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Speakers’s attitudes

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Standard orthography

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Script (Writing system)

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Other writing systems

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More on writing systems

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Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Vulnerable

Native Speakers Worldwide

18,700

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

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Older adult speakers

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Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers’s attitudes

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Standard orthography

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Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

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Other languages used

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Domains of other languages

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More on context

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Media Resources

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Filter By

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  1. Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled by research teams at University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute for Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) at Eastern Michigan University
    2012. "Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled By Research Teams At University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute For Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) At Eastern Michigan University."
  2. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)
    Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)
    http://www.ethnologue.com/
  3. World Oral Literature Project
    "World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.
    http://www.oralliterature.org
  4. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger
    Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)
    http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas
  5. The World Atlas of Language Structures
    2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.
  6. Glottolog
    "Glottolog." Online: http://www.glottolog.org/glottolog/.
    http://www.glottolog.org/glottolog/
  7. The Nuristani Languages
    Degener, Almuth. 2002. "The Nuristani Languages." In Indo-Iranian Languages and Peoples, edited by Nicholas Sims-Williams. 116: 103-117. Oxford University Press.
  8. Dardestān ii. Language
    D.I. Edel'man. 1994. "Dardestān Ii. Language." In Encyclopedia Iranica, Online: http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/dardestan-#i.
    http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/dardestan-#i
  9. Nuristan
    Max Klimburg. 2004. "Nuristan." In Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition, Online: http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/nuristan.
    http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/nuristan
  10. Jazyk Kati: Teksty, Grammaticheskij Ocherk
    Grjunberg, A. L. 1980. "Jazyk Kati: Teksty, Grammaticheskij Ocherk." Moskva: Glavnaya Redaktsija Vostochnoj Literatury.
  11. Notes on the Nūristānī and Dardic Languages
    Strand, R. F. 1973. "Notes On the Nūristānī and Dardic Languages." In Journal of the American Oriental Society, 93 , no. 3: 297-305.
  12. Jazyki vostochnogo Gindukusha: Jazyk kati
    Grjunberg, Aleksandr L. 1980. "Jazyki Vostochnogo Gindukusha: Jazyk Kati." Nauka.
  13. Language policy, multilingualism and language vitality in Pakistan
    Tariq Rahman. 2006. "Language Policy, Multilingualism and Language Vitality in Pakistan." In Lesser-known languages of South Asia: status and policies, case studies and applications of information technology, edited by Anju Saxena and Lars Borin. 73-106. Mouton de Gruyter.