Overview
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Vulnerable

Native Speakers Worldwide

~ 600

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Recent Resources

No resources

Community Members

    No members

Revitalization Programs

No programs

Discussion Forum

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Language Information By Source

A study of Pela (波拉語研究)
Arrow pointing down
Vulnerable

Native Speakers Worldwide

~ 600

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

~ 600

Non-monolingual speakers

all

More about speakers

Around 500 speakers in China and 100 speakers in Myanmar. Classified under the Jingpo 景頗 nationality in China.

Year of info

2007

Location and Context

Countries

China; Myanmar

Coordinates

24.449, 98.585; 24.184, 94.794; 24.815, 98.293

Location description

mostly in Luxi 潞西, Lianghe 梁河, Longchuan 隴川 of Jingpo 景頗 Antonymous Prefecture, Yunnan 雲南 Province, China; around 100 in the Myanmar-China border.

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

positive

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

mostly in Luxi 潞西, Lianghe 梁河, Longchuan 隴川 of Jingpo 景頗 Antonymous Prefecture, Yunnan 雲南 Province, China; around 100 in the Myanmar-China border.

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

Zaiwa; Maru; Lashi; Mandarin; Dai;

Domains of other languages

Mandarin in official and the others in daily life

More on context

The Pela people practice exogamy with speakers of other Jingpo 景頗 languages in China such as Zaiwa 載瓦, Maru 浪速 and Lashi 勒期

Threatened

Native Speakers Worldwide

1,000

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2010

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

25.0638,98.2414

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

<1,000

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

Well under a thousand

Year of info

2007

Location and Context

Countries

China

Coordinates

No data

Location description

Yunnan, Dehong 德宏 Prefecture

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

Yunnan, Dehong 德宏 Prefecture

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

The Pola are an exogamous patrilineal clan within the Jinghpaw/Kachin, and so all are multilingual, speaking other languages from within the cluster natively, as well as some Chinese and a local Tai language.

Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

400

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

1,000

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

Data for the number of native speakers comes from D. Bradley (2000). Data for the ethnic population is from J. Edmondson (2001).

Year of info

2009

Location and Context

Countries

China;

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

400

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Media Resources

No resources

No resources

No resources

No resources

No resources

No resources

Filter By

No programs

  1. Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled by research teams at University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute for Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) at Eastern Michigan University
    2012. "Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled By Research Teams At University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute For Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) At Eastern Michigan University."
  2. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger
    Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)
    http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas
  3. World Oral Literature Project
    "World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.
    http://www.oralliterature.org
  4. East and Southeast Asia
    Bradley, David. 2007. "East and Southeast Asia." In Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages, edited by C. Moseley. 349-424. London & New York: Routledge.
  5. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)
    Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)
    http://www.ethnologue.com/
  6. Salt, gold and legitimacy: prelude to the history of a no-man's land: Belā Shangul, Wallaggā, Ethiopia (ca.~1800-1898)
    Triulzi, Alessandro. 1981. "Salt, Gold and Legitimacy: Prelude To the History of a No-man's Land: Belā Shangul, Wallaggā, Ethiopia (ca.~1800-1898)." Napoli: Istituto universitario orientale, Seminario di studi africani.
  7. Prelude to the history of a no-man's land: Belā Shangul, Wallaggā, Ethiopia (ca.~1800-1898)
    Triulzi, Alessandro. 1980. "Prelude To the History of a No-man's Land: Belā Shangul, Wallaggā, Ethiopia (ca.~1800-1898)."
  8. Vokabular der Dolenjski Roma aus Novo Mesto und Bela Krajina Slowenien
    Cech, Petra and Mozes Heinschink. 2002. "Vokabular Der Dolenjski Roma Aus Novo Mesto Und Bela Krajina Slowenien." In Grazer Linguistische Studien, 58: 1-42.
  9. A study of Pela (波拉語研究)
    Dai Qingxia (戴慶廈), Jiang Ying (蔣穎) and Kong Zhi'en (孔志恩). 2007. "A Study of Pela (波拉語研究)." Beijing: Minzu Publisher (民族出版社).