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Lower Chinook

Also Known As

Chinook; Chinookan; Coastal Chinook; Chinook (Lower); Lower Chinookan; Chinook proper;

Classification

Chinookan

Orthography

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Language code (ISO 639-3)

chh

Variants & Dialects

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Language Information By Source

North America
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North America
Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger
Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 18th Edition
The World Atlas of Language Structures
World Oral Literature Project
Dormant

Native Speakers Worldwide

No data

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

The last speaker died in the 1930s.

Year of info

2008

Location and Context

Countries

USA, Oregon, Washington

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Critically Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

7

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2010

Location and Context

Countries

USA, Oregon, Washington

Coordinates

44.2708,-121.2871

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Critically Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

7

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

140

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

"Golla 2007), decreasing." (Unchanged 2016.)

Year of info

2015

Location and Context

Countries

United States

Coordinates

No data

Location description

"Washington, Yakima Reservation; Oregon, Warm Springs Reservation."

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

"Washington, Yakima Reservation; Oregon, Warm Springs Reservation."

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

No data

Native Speakers Worldwide

No data

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2005

Location and Context

Countries

USA, Oregon, Washington

Coordinates

46.25,-123.5

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Severely Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

12

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Media Resources

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  1. Chinook Jargon and its Distribution in the Pacific Northwest and beyond
    Grant, Anthony P. 1996. "Chinook Jargon and Its Distribution in the Pacific Northwest and Beyond." In Atlas of Languages of Intercultural Communication in the Pacific, Asia, and the Americas, edited by Stephen A. Wurm et al.. II.2: 1170-1208. Mouton de Gruyter.
  2. Chinook
    Boas, Franz. 1911. "Chinook." In Handbook of American Indian Languages 1, edited by Franz Boas. 40: 559-678. Government Printing Office.
  3. Chinook Jargon: Language Contact and the Problem of Multi-Level Generative Systems, II
    Silverstein, M. 1972. "Chinook Jargon: Language Contact and the Problem of Multi-Level Generative Systems, II." In Language, 48 , no. 3: 596-625.
  4. Chinook Jargon: Language Contact and the Problem of Multi-Level Generative Systems, I
    Silverstein, M. 1972. "Chinook Jargon: Language Contact and the Problem of Multi-Level Generative Systems, I." In Language, 48 , no. 2: 378-406.
  5. Chinook Jargon in Areal and Historical Context
    Thomason, Sarah Grey. 1983. "Chinook Jargon in Areal and Historical Context." In Language, 59 , no. 4: 820-870.
  6. Dictionary of Indian Tongues, containing most of the words and terms used in the Tshimpsean, Hydah, & Chinook
    N/a. 1862. "Dictionary of Indian Tongues, Containing Most of the Words and Terms Used in the Tshimpsean, Hydah, & Chinook." V. I.: Hibben & Carswell, Victoria.
  7. Chinook Jargon: Language Contact and the Problem of Multi-Level Generative Systems
    Silverstein, Michael. 1972. "Chinook Jargon: Language Contact and the Problem of Multi-Level Generative Systems." In Language, 48 , no. 2, 3: 378-406, 596-625.
  8. Wishram Texts
    Sapir, E. 1909. "Wishram Texts." II: E.~J.~Brill.
  9. Preliminary Report on the Language and Mythology of the Upper Chinook
    Sapir, Edward. 1907. "Preliminary Report On the Language and Mythology of the Upper Chinook." In American Anthropologist, 9 , no. 3: 533-544.
  10. Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled by research teams at University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute for Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) at Eastern Michigan University
    2012. "Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled By Research Teams At University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute For Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) At Eastern Michigan University."
  11. Chinook
    Boas, Franz. 1911. "Chinook." In Handbook of American Indian languages: Volume 1, edited by Franz Boas. 40: 559-678. Washington: Government Printing Office.
  12. Notes on the Chinook Language
    Boas, Franz. 1893. "Notes On the Chinook Language." In American Anthropologist, 6 , no. 1: 55-64.
  13. Notes on the Structure of Chinook Jargon
    Jacobs, Melville. 1932. "Notes On the Structure of Chinook Jargon." In Language, 8 , no. 1: 27-50.
  14. The World Atlas of Language Structures
    2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.
  15. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)
    Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)
    http://www.ethnologue.com/
  16. North America
    Victor Golla, Ives Goddard, Lyle Campbell, Marianne Mithun and Mauricio Mixco. 2008. "North America." In Atlas of the World's Languages, edited by Chris Moseley and Ron Asher. 7-41. Routledge.
  17. World Oral Literature Project
    "World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.
    http://www.oralliterature.org
  18. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger
    Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)
    http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas
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