Overview
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Language Information By Source

Personal Communication on N||ng
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Critically Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

5

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

Few

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

All

More about speakers

The last male speaker of N||ng passed away in March 2013. There are now five elderly female speakers: three sisters in Upington and two women in Olifantshoek. There are a few semi-speakers who remember words.

Year of info

2013

Location and Context

Countries

South Africa

Coordinates

-27.935574, 22.734146; -28.446959, 21.270905;

Location description

Three speakers live in Upington and two live in Olifantshoek.

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

Three speakers live in Upington and two live in Olifantshoek.

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

Afrikaans

Domains of other languages

All

More on context

No data

Critically Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

<10

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

<10

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2007

Location and Context

Countries

South Africa

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Critically Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

8

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2010

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

-26.0105,20.363

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Severely Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

12

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

500

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

12 (2005 Crawhall), decreasing. Ethnic population: 500 (1998 Nigel Crawhall, South African San Institute)

Year of info

2009

Location and Context

Countries

South Africa;

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

No data

Native Speakers Worldwide

No data

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2005

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Critically Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

<20

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

Less than 20

Ethnic Population

600

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2007

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Severely Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

<20

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2008

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Critically Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

<10

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2008

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Critically Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

Just a few elders

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

All

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2007

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

Afrikaans, Khoekhoegowab, Setswana

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

"All N|uu speakers have shifted to a primary mode of communication of Afrikaans."

Critically Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

11

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2005

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

No data

Location description

"Spoken by eleven elderly people in Siyanda district in the Kalahari Desert of South Africa and across the border in Kgalagadi District of Botswana."

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

Mixed

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

"Spoken by eleven elderly people in Siyanda district in the Kalahari Desert of South Africa and across the border in Kgalagadi District of Botswana."

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

"Three N|u speaking elders confirmed that the primary perceived cause of language loss was ecological. The farmers, who controlled their lives and welfare, were hostile to them. Their language was stigmatised along with their identity. They were like immigrants suddenly surrounded by a foreign tongue and living amongst other people, even though they were still present on their ancestral lands... There was not a shift in values or identity for the old people. The world changed under their feet and there was no obvious reason to teach the language to their children. None of the elders ever confided to me that it was a strategy of theirs to hide their culture and language from the children. Nonetheless, this was the cumulative effect."

Critically Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

7

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

3

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2011

Location and Context

Countries

South Africa

Coordinates

-27.935574, 22.734146; -28.446959, 21.270905; -26.902936, 20.683308

Location description

"Four [speakers] stay in the vicinity of Upington, two in the Andriesvale area and one in Olifantshoek."

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

"Four [speakers] stay in the vicinity of Upington, two in the Andriesvale area and one in Olifantshoek."

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Severely Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

10

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Media Resources

No resources

No resources

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  1. Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled by research teams at University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute for Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) at Eastern Michigan University
    2012. "Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled By Research Teams At University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute For Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) At Eastern Michigan University."
  2. "A text documentation of N|uu" HRELP Abstract
    Güldemann, Tom. 2007. ""A Text Documentation of N|uu" HRELP Abstract." Online: http://www.hrelp.org/grants/projects/index.php?projid=131.
    http://www.hrelp.org/grants/projects/index.php?projid=131
  3. Language Endangerment in Southern and Eastern Africa
    Brenzinger, Matthias. 2007. "Language Endangerment in Southern and Eastern Africa." In Language Diversity Endangered, edited by Matthias Brenzinger. 179-204. Mouton de Gruyter.
  4. The Lexicon in Language Attrition: The Case of N|uu
    Sands, Bonny, Amanda L. Miller and Johanna Brugman. 2007. "The Lexicon in Language Attrition: The Case of N|uu." In Selected Proceedings of the 37th Annual Conference on African Linguistics, edited by Doris L. Payne and Jaime Peña. Somerville, 55-65. Cascadilla Press. Online: http://www.lingref.com/cpp/acal/37/paper1595.pdf.
    http://www.lingref.com/cpp/acal/37/paper1595.pdf
  5. Language decline and death in Africa: causes, consequences and challenges
    Herman M. Batibo. 2005. "Language Decline and Death in Africa: Causes, Consequences and Challenges." 132: Multilingual Matters.
  6. One Thousand Languages: Living, Endangered, and Lost
    Austin, Peter. 2008. "One Thousand Languages: Living, Endangered, and Lost." University of California.
  7. Peter K Austin's top 10 endangered languages
    Austin, Peter. 2008. "Peter K Austin's Top 10 Endangered Languages." In The Guardian, Online: http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2008/aug/27/endangered.languages.
    http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2008/aug/27/endangered.languages
  8. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)
    Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)
    http://www.ethnologue.com/
  9. The twelve modern Khoisan languages
    Matthias Brenzinger. 2011. "The Twelve Modern Khoisan Languages." In Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Khoisan Languages and Linguistics,
  10. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger
    Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)
    http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas
  11. World Oral Literature Project
    "World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.
    http://www.oralliterature.org
  12. The Story of !Ui: Causality and Language Shift in Africa
    Nigel Crawhall. 2005. "The Story of !Ui: Causality and Language Shift in Africa." In Creating Outsiders: Endangered Languages, Migration and Marginalisation: Proceedings of the Ninth FEL Conference, Stellenbosch, South Africa, 18-20 November 2005, edited by Nigel Crawhall and Nicholas Ostler. Bath, Foundation for Endangered Languages.
  13. The relation between focus and theticity in the Tuu family
    Güldemann, Tom. 2010. "The Relation Between Focus and Theticity in the Tuu Family." In The expression of information structure: a documentation of its diversity across Africa, edited by Ines Fiedler and Anne Schwarz. 69-94. John Benjamins Publ.
  14. Personal Communication on N||ng
    Matthias Brenzinger. 2013. "Personal Communication On N||ng."
  15. A Bushman Dictionary
    Bleek, D. F. 1956. "A Bushman Dictionary." 41: New Haven: American Oriental Society.
  16. The ex͡tdoublebarpipeKhomani Dialect of Bushman: Morphology and Other Characteristics
    Maingard, L. F. 1937. "The Ex͡tdoublebarpipe." In Bushmen of the Southern Kalahari, edited by J. D. R. Jones. 237-275. Johannesburg: University of Witwatersrand Press.