Overview
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Threatened

Native Speakers Worldwide

1,470

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Recent Resources

No resources

Community Members

    No members

Revitalization Programs

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Discussion Forum

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Language Information By Source

The twelve modern Khoisan languages
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Threatened

Native Speakers Worldwide

1,470

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2011

Location and Context

Countries

Botswana (Ghanzi area)

Coordinates

-22.121346, 22.416744

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

"In 1996, Hiroshi Nakagawa, started his long term research on the ǀGui language. In the CKGR, Nakagawa distinguished three dialect varieties spoken at different settlements. After the ǀGui were resettled in 1997, dialectal variants have most likely merged, as the majority of ǀGui speakers now live in one place, New Xade (Kxoensakene), which is also home to speakers of ǁGana (Nakagawa, p.c.)."

Threatened

Native Speakers Worldwide

769

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2006

Location and Context

Countries

Botswana

Coordinates

-22.118722,22.415146

Location description

Central Kalahari Game Reserve, Ghanzi, and Kweneng districts

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

Central Kalahari Game Reserve, Ghanzi, and Kweneng districts

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

G||ana, Sekgalagadi, Seswana, English, !Xóõ, ǂHoã, Naro, Tshela

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

"Since G|ui and G||ana are mutually intelligible, communication between G|ui and G||ana speakers was usually conducted in such a way that a G|ui spoke G|ui and a G||ana spoke G||ana in a conversation."

Threatened

Native Speakers Worldwide

1,000

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2010

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

-21.8385,21.7858

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Threatened

Native Speakers Worldwide

2,500

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

Data on speaker number: (R. Cook 2004)

Year of info

2009

Location and Context

Countries

Botswana;

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

500

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

1997

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

No data

Location description

"The traditional area of the /Gwi and the //Gana is the Central Kalahari Game Reserve... Today we know that quite a few members of these groups live on or close to the Ghanzi farms."

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

"The traditional area of the /Gwi and the //Gana is the Central Kalahari Game Reserve... Today we know that quite a few members of these groups live on or close to the Ghanzi farms."

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Vulnerable

Native Speakers Worldwide

2,300

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

2300

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2007

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

No data

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

2,650-3,400

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2000

Location and Context

Countries

Botswana

Coordinates

-21.115249,23.761711

Location description

Kweneng, Ghanzi

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

Kweneng, Ghanzi

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Threatened

Native Speakers Worldwide

2,500

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Media Resources

No resources

No resources

No resources

No resources

No resources

No resources

Filter By

No programs

  1. Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled by research teams at University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute for Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) at Eastern Michigan University
    2012. "Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled By Research Teams At University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute For Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) At Eastern Michigan University."
  2. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)
    Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)
    http://www.ethnologue.com/
  3. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger
    Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)
    http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas
  4. World Oral Literature Project
    "World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.
    http://www.oralliterature.org
  5. Language Endangerment in Southern and Eastern Africa
    Brenzinger, Matthias. 2007. "Language Endangerment in Southern and Eastern Africa." In Language Diversity Endangered, edited by Matthias Brenzinger. 179-204. Mouton de Gruyter.
  6. Khoisan groups and languages
    Lars-Gunnar Andersson and Tore Janson. 1997. "Khoisan Groups and Languages." In Languages in Botswana: language ecology in southern Africa, 123-142. Longman Botswana.
  7. The twelve modern Khoisan languages
    Matthias Brenzinger. 2011. "The Twelve Modern Khoisan Languages." In Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Khoisan Languages and Linguistics,
  8. The fate of the Khoesan Languages of Botswana
    Herman M. Batibo. 1998. "The Fate of the Khoesan Languages of Botswana." In Endangered Languages in Africa, edited by Matthias Brenzinger. 267-284. Rüdiger Köppe Verlag.
  9. Unnatural palatalization in /Gui and //Gana?
    Hirosi Nakagawa. 1998. "Unnatural Palatalization in /Gui and //Gana?" In Language, identity and conceptualization among the Khoisan, edited by Mathias Schladt. 15: 245-263. Rüdiger Köppe Verlag.
  10. Where are the Khoesan of Botswana?
    Sue Hasselbring. 2000. "Where Are the Khoesan of Botswana?" In Botswana: the Future of the Minority Languages, edited by Herman M. Batibo and Birgit Smieja. 40: 13-31. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.
  11. Aspects of the phonetic and phonological structure of the G|ui language
    Hirosi Nakagawa. Aspects of the Phonetic and Phonological Structure of the G|ui Language. PhD thesis, Univ. of the Witwatersrand, 2006. Online: http://wiredspace.wits.ac.za/handle/10539/4517.
    http://wiredspace.wits.ac.za/handle/10539/4517
  12. A San Vocabulary of the Central Kalahari - G//ana and G/wi Dialects
    Tanaka, Jiro. 1978. "A San Vocabulary of the Central Kalahari - G//ana and G/wi Dialects." VII: Tokyo: Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa.