Overview
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Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

1,000

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Recent Resources

No resources

Community Members

    No members

Revitalization Programs

No programs

Discussion Forum

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Language Information By Source

The twelve modern Khoisan languages
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Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

1,000

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2011

Location and Context

Countries

Botswana

Coordinates

-18.340187, 21.792755

Location description

"The approximately 1000 ǁAni, who call themselves ǁAnikhwe, live in the Okavango Pan Handle in Botswana, and for that reason were sometimes referred to as “River-Bushmen”."

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers’s attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

"The approximately 1000 ǁAni, who call themselves ǁAnikhwe, live in the Okavango Pan Handle in Botswana, and for that reason were sometimes referred to as “River-Bushmen”."

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Threatened

Native Speakers Worldwide

1,000

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2010

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

-18.6462,22.1319

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers’s attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Severely Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

A few hundred

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

"Only a few hundred ||Anikhwedam speaking community members (mostly elders) can still speak their language."

Year of info

2005

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

No data

Location description

"The ||Anikhwe are found today along the Okavongo Panhandle in Botswana at ||X'oakao, Ngarange, Mogotlho and some are south of the above-mentioned places at !Haoxa and N|amacere respectively... at Mababe, Tubu near Nokaneng, ||Anikhwe people could not even speak a single word of ||Anikhwedam."

Government support

No data

Institutional support

Teemacane Language Committee; Trust for Okavongo Cultural and Development Initiatives

Speakers’s attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

Roman-based

Other writing systems

"The ||Anikhwe are found today along the Okavongo Panhandle in Botswana at ||X'oakao, Ngarange, Mogotlho and some are south of the above-mentioned places at !Haoxa and N|amacere respectively... at Mababe, Tubu near Nokaneng, ||Anikhwe people could not even speak a single word of ||Anikhwedam."

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

Sekgalagadi

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

"At !Haoxa where the majority of the ||Anikhwe live, they have become Sekgalagadi speakers. This is very common to the ||Anikhwe today, to a point of almost changing their ethnicity."

Threatened

Native Speakers Worldwide

1,000

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2009

Location and Context

Countries

Botswana;

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers’s attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Threatened

Native Speakers Worldwide

1,100

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

1300

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2007

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers’s attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

No data

Native Speakers Worldwide

No data

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

Setswana proficiency: 38.2%%; English: 9.4%%

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2000

Location and Context

Countries

Botswana

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers’s attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

Setswana, English

Domains of other languages

Radio

More on context

"...the smaller languages like !Xóõ, Thimbukushu and ǁAni would prefer the use of Setswana as medium through which to receive information. Such positive attitudes towards Setswana would certainly contribute to the rapidity of language shift."

No data

Native Speakers Worldwide

No data

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2005

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

-18.9166666667,21.9166666667

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers’s attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Severely Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

No data

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2000

Location and Context

Countries

Botswana

Coordinates

-18.575233,21.983114

Location description

Ngamiland North

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers’s attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

Ngamiland North

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

With spouse; among children; to the chief, clinic workers

More on context

No data

Threatened

Native Speakers Worldwide

1,000

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers’s attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

<1,000

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

"Es wird zu beiden Seiten des Okavango nördlich des Okavango-Deltas von einer unbekannten Zahl von Personen - wahrscheinlich weniger als 1000 gesprochen."

Year of info

1986

Location and Context

Countries

Namibia, Botswana

Coordinates

No data

Location description

Both sides of the Okavango Delta

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers’s attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

Both sides of the Okavango Delta

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Media Resources

No resources

No resources

No resources

No resources

No resources

No resources

Filter By

No programs

  1. The fate of the minority languages of Botswana
    Batibo, Herman M. 1997. "The Fate of the Minority Languages of Botswana." In Human Contact through Language and Linguistics, edited by Birgit Smieja and Tasch Meike. 31: 243-252. Frankfurt, Bern: Peter Lang.
  2. The //Ani language: Grammatical Notes and Texts
    Heine, Bernd. 1999. "The //Ani Language: Grammatical Notes and Texts." 11: Institut für Afrikanistik, Universität zu Köln.
  3. Patterns of language knowledge and language use in Ngamiland, Botswana.
    Vossen, Rainer. 1988. "Patterns of Language Knowledge and Language Use in Ngamiland, Botswana." 13: 83. Beyreuth: Universität Bayreuth.
  4. Few People, Many Tongues: The Languages of Namibia
    Maho, Jouni F. 1998. Few People, Many Tongues: The Languages of Namibia. Windhoek, Namibia: Gamsberg Macmillan. x+222pp. (Survey of the linguistic typology and the sociolinguistics of the Namibian languages. Revision (heavy) of Maho (1993).)
  5. Die Khoe-sprachigen Buschmänner der Kalahari: Ihre Verbreitung und Gliederung
    Köhler, Oswin. 1971. "Die Khoe-sprachigen Buschmänner Der Kalahari: Ihre Verbreitung Und Gliederung." In Forschungen zur allgemeinen und regionalen Geographie: Festschrift für Kurt Kayser zur Vollendung des 65. Lebensjahres, 373-411. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner.
  6. Observations on the Central Khoisan Language Group
    Köhler, O. 1963. "Observations On the Central Khoisan Language Group." In Journal of African Languages, 2 , no. 3: 227-234.
  7. The ex͡tdoublepipeAni: Grammatical notes and texts
    Heine, Bernd. 1999. "The Ex͡tdoublepipe." 11: Institut für Afrikanistik, Universität zu Köln.
  8. Proposals on Khoisan Reconstruction
    Ehret, Christopher. 1986. "Proposals On Khoisan Reconstruction." In Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika, 7 , no. 2: 105-130.
  9. The Non-Bantu languages of North-Eastern Africa
    Tucker, Archibald N. and Margaret A. Bryan. 1956. "The Non-Bantu Languages of North-Eastern Africa." III: Oxford University Press.
  10. Ergebnisse einer Bereisung der Omaheke in den Jahren 1910-1912
    Seiner, Franz. 1913. "Ergebnisse Einer Bereisung Der Omaheke in Den Jahren 1910-1912." In Mittheilungen aus den Deutschen Schutzgebieten, 26: 225-316. Berlin: Ernst Siegfried Mittler und Sohn.
  11. Ergebnisse einer Bereisung des Gebiets zwischen Okawango und Sambesi (Caprivi-Zipfel) in den Jahren 1905 und 1906
    Seiner, Franz. 1909. "Ergebnisse Einer Bereisung Des Gebiets Zwischen Okawango Und Sambesi (Caprivi-Zipfel) in Den Jahren 1905 Und 1906." In Mittheilungen aus den Deutschen Schutzgebieten, 22: 1-111. Berlin: Ernst Siegfried Mittler und Sohn.
  12. Distribuição Étnica de Angola
    Redinha, José. 1962. "Distribuição Étnica De Angola." Luanda: C.I.T.A.
  13. Die Schnalzsprachen
    Planert, W. 1926. "Die Schnalzsprachen." In Bibliotheca Africana, II: 296-315.
  14. A Bushman Dictionary
    Bleek, D. F. 1956. "A Bushman Dictionary." 41: New Haven: American Oriental Society.
  15. Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled by research teams at University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute for Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) at Eastern Michigan University
    2012. "Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled By Research Teams At University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute For Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) At Eastern Michigan University."
  16. Languages in Botswana: Language Ecology in Southern Africa
    Andersson, Lars-Gunnar and Tore Janson. 1997. "Languages in Botswana: Language Ecology in Southern Africa." Longman Botswana.
  17. Linguistic Barriers as a Hindrance to Information Flow: The Case of Botswana
    Herman M. Batibo and Naledi Mosaka. 2000. "Linguistic Barriers As a Hindrance To Information Flow: The Case of Botswana." In Botswana: the Future of the Minority Languages, edited by Herman M. Batibo and Birgit Smieja. 95-104. Peter Lang.
  18. Where are the Khoesan of Botswana?
    Sue Hasselbring. 2000. "Where Are the Khoesan of Botswana?" In Botswana: the Future of the Minority Languages, edited by Herman M. Batibo and Birgit Smieja. 40: 13-31. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.
  19. Zur Phonologie der //Ani-Sprache
    Rainer Vossen. 1986. "Zur Phonologie Der //Ani-Sprache." In Contemporary studies on Khoisan: in honour of Oswin Köhler on the occasion of his 75th birthday, edited by Rainer Vossen and Klaus Keuthmann. v. 2: 321-345. Helmut Buske Verlag.
  20. Khwe dictionary
    Christa Kilian-Hatz. 2003. "Khwe Dictionary." 431. Rüdiger Köppe Verlag.
  21. The fate of the Khoesan Languages of Botswana
    Herman M. Batibo. 1998. "The Fate of the Khoesan Languages of Botswana." In Endangered Languages in Africa, edited by Matthias Brenzinger. 267-284. Rüdiger Köppe Verlag.
  22. Endangered Languages, Migration and Marginalisation of the ||Anikhwe
    Soldier David Naude and Willemien le Roux. 2005. "Endangered Languages, Migration and Marginalisation of the ||Anikhwe." In Creating Outsiders: Endangered Languages, Migration and Marginalisation: Proceedings of the Ninth FEL Conference, Stellenbosch, South Africa, 18-20 November 2005, edited by Nigel Crawhall and Nicholas Ostler. Bath, Foundation for Endangered Languages.
  23. The twelve modern Khoisan languages
    Matthias Brenzinger. 2011. "The Twelve Modern Khoisan Languages." In Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Khoisan Languages and Linguistics,
  24. The World Atlas of Language Structures
    2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.
  25. World Oral Literature Project
    "World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.
    http://www.oralliterature.org
  26. Language Endangerment in Southern and Eastern Africa
    Brenzinger, Matthias. 2007. "Language Endangerment in Southern and Eastern Africa." In Language Diversity Endangered, edited by Matthias Brenzinger. 179-204. Mouton de Gruyter.
  27. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger
    Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)
    http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas
  28. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)
    Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)
    http://www.ethnologue.com/