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Language Information By Source

"Community-Based Digital Documentation of Ju|'hoan (ktz) and =X'ao-||'aen (aue): Audio, Video and Text Archives of Language and Culture Diversity" H
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Vulnerable

Native Speakers Worldwide

11,000

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2011

Location and Context

Countries

Namibia

Coordinates

-19.591168, 20.502033

Location description

Tsumkwe, Otjozondjupa Region

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

Tsumkwe, Otjozondjupa Region

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

No data

Native Speakers Worldwide

No data

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2005

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

The Village Schools Project was launched in 1991 and then in 2004 it was incorporated into the national educational system of Namibia.

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Threatened

Native Speakers Worldwide

33,600

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

"5,000 [speakers] in Botswana (2002)."

Year of info

2009

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Threatened

Native Speakers Worldwide

~9,000

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

7,000 in Namibia, 2,000+ in Ngamiland, Botswana

Year of info

2000

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

No data

Institutional support

Nyae Nyae Conservancy, language materials, Village Schools Project, Ju|'hoan-English dictionary, mother-tongue education

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

Yes

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Threatened

Native Speakers Worldwide

>6,000

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

"Hitchcock and Holm (1993) estimate the number of Ju|'hoansi in Botswana to just over 3,000. Figures from Namibia are not easy to get hold of, but there should be at least as many there as in Botswana."

Year of info

1997

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

No data

Location description

"Most Ju|'hoansi live to the west of the Okavango towards the Namibian border and into the neighbouring parts of Namibia."

Government support

Some support in Namibia; minority language rights are severely restricted in Botswana

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

Dickens' Roman-based system is the official orthography for Ju|'hoan in Namibia

Other writing systems

"Most Ju|'hoansi live to the west of the Okavango towards the Namibian border and into the neighbouring parts of Namibia."

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

No data

Native Speakers Worldwide

No data

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

1995

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

No data

Location description

No data

Government support

The Namibian Government has made a massive commitment to Dickens orthography. The Educational Program of the Nyae Nyae Development Foundation of Namibia officially began in 1991

Institutional support

Language curriculum materials and an adult literacy program. Dickens orthography was adopted as the official educational orthography of the Nyae Nyae Farmers' Cooperative.

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

No data

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

"Dictionary and grammar by Patrick Dickens."

No data

Native Speakers Worldwide

No data

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

"Only few people speak it and the speakers often live a marginalized life."

Year of info

2011

Location and Context

Countries

Botswana, Namibia

Coordinates

-20.472933,22.700659

Location description

Ghanzi and Northwest area, Botswana

Government support

None

Institutional support

None

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

Ghanzi and Northwest area, Botswana

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

"The truth of the matter is that Ju/'hoansi as a Khoesan language is a minority language and is looked down upon by government and citizens of Botswana." "There is no use for this language outside the speech community, with few exceptions. Worse still, this language is not used in schools."

Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

No data

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers and learners

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

3,300-5,000

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2000

Location and Context

Countries

Botswana

Coordinates

-18.783792,21.742359

Location description

Ngamiland North, Ngamiland South, Ghanzi

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers' attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

Ngamiland North, Ngamiland South, Ghanzi

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

To the chief, clinic workers

More on context

"Both Naro and Ju|'hoan have had language development efforts for over a decade. This may have resulted in more positive attitudes among the speakers of these languages."

Media Resources

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No programs

  1. Languages in Botswana: Language Ecology in Southern Africa
    Andersson, Lars-Gunnar and Tore Janson. 1997. "Languages in Botswana: Language Ecology in Southern Africa." Longman Botswana.
  2. Noun Categorization in Non-Khoe Lineages of Khoisan
    Güldemann Tom. 2000. "Noun Categorization in Non-Khoe Lineages of Khoisan." In Afrikanistische Arbeitspapiere (Köln), 63: 5-33.
  3. Ju|'hoan Grammar
    Dickens, Patrick. 1000. "Ju|'hoan Grammar."
  4. Ju|'hoan Grammar
    Dickens, Patrick. 1992. "Ju|'hoan Grammar." Nyae Development Foundation.
  5. Zu|'hoasi fonologie en Woordeboek
    Snyman, J. W. 1975. "Zu|'hoasi Fonologie En Woordeboek." Balkema.
  6. English-Ju|'hoan, Ju|'hoan-English Dictionary
    Dickens, Patrick. 1994. "English-Ju|'hoan, Ju|'hoan-English Dictionary." Rüdiger Köppe.
  7. A Preliminary Study on the Trung Language of Kung Shan
    Ch'ang-p'ei, Lo. 1945. "A Preliminary Study On the Trung Language of Kung Shan." In Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 8 , no. 3/4: 343-348.
  8. Die !Kung-Buschleute
    Wilhelm, J. H. 1953. "Die !Kung-Buschleute." In Jahrbuch des Museums für Völkerkunde, 12: 91-189.
  9. Three Bushman Languages
    Maingard, L. F. 1957. "Three Bushman Languages." In African Studies, 16 , no. 1: 37-71.
  10. Köhler, O. 1981. .In Les langues de l'Afrique Subsaharienne, edited by Jean Perrot. I: 557-615. Paris: Centre National de la Recherche Sciéntifique.
  11. Juěrticalline'hoan Grammar
    Dickens, Patrick. 1992. "Juěrticalline." Windhoek: Nyae Nyae Development Foundation.
  12. English - Juex͡tpipe'hoan Juex͡tpipe'hoan - English Dictionary
    Dickens, Patrick. 1994. "English - Juex͡tpipe." 8: Köln: Rüdiger Köppe.
  13. An Introduction to the !Xũ (!Kung) Language
    Snyman, Jannie W. 1970. "An Introduction To the !Xũ (!Kung) Language." Department of African Languages, School of African Studies, University of Cape Town.
  14. A Bushman Dictionary
    Bleek, D. F. 1956. "A Bushman Dictionary." 41: New Haven: American Oriental Society.
  15. Ju/wasi Lessons
    Biesele, Megan. 1987. "Ju/wasi Lessons." In Khoisan Special Intererest Group: Newsletter, 5: 3-33.
  16. "Community-Based Digital Documentation of Ju|'hoan (ktz) and =X'ao-||'aen (aue): Audio, Video and Text Archives of Language and Culture Diversity" HRELP Abstract
    Megan Biesele. 2011. ""Community-Based Digital Documentation of Ju|'hoan (ktz) and =X'ao-||'aen (aue): Audio, Video and Text Archives of Language and Culture Diversity" HRELP Abstract." Online: http://www.hrelp.org/grants/projects/index.php?projid=290.
    http://www.hrelp.org/grants/projects/index.php?projid=290
  17. Ju|'hoan-Language Education in Namibia and its Relevance for Minority-Language Education in Botswana
    Megan Biesele and Robert K. Hitchcok. 2000. "Ju|'hoan-Language Education in Namibia and Its Relevance For Minority-Language Education in Botswana." In Botswana: The Future of the Minority Languages, edited by Herman M. Batibo and Birgit Smieja. 40: 237-265. Peter Lang.
  18. Where are the Khoesan of Botswana?
    Sue Hasselbring. 2000. "Where Are the Khoesan of Botswana?" In Botswana: the Future of the Minority Languages, edited by Herman M. Batibo and Birgit Smieja. 40: 13-31. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.
  19. Tense and Aspect in Khoesan: The Case of Ju/'hoansi
    Budzani Gabanamotse-Mogara. 2011. "Tense and Aspect in Khoesan: The Case of Ju/'hoansi." In Geographical Typology and Linguistic Areas: With Special Reference to Africa, edited by Osamu Hieda et al. 201-211. John Benjamins Publishing Company.
  20. The naming and utilization of plantlife by the Zhu/’hõasi Bushmen of the Kau-Kauveld
    Wilhelm Giess and Jan Winston Snyman. 1986. "The Naming and Utilization of Plantlife By the Zhu/’hõasi Bushmen of the Kau-Kauveld." In Contemporary studies on Khoisan: in honour of Oswin Köhler on the occasion of his 75th birthday, edited by Rainer Vossen and Klaus Keuthmann. v. 1: 237-346. Helmut Buske Verlag.
  21. Towards a unified decompositional analysis of Khoisan lexical tone
    Amanda Miller-Ockhuizen. 1998. "Towards a Unified Decompositional Analysis of Khoisan Lexical Tone." In Language, identity and conceptualization among the Khoisan, edited by Mathias Schladt. 15: 217-243. Rüdiger Köppe Verlag.
  22. Khoisan Traces in Kavango Languages
    Karsten Legère. 1998. "Khoisan Traces in Kavango Languages." In Language, identity, and conceptualization among the Khoisan, edited by Mathias Schladt. 15: 193-215. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe.
  23. Types of sound correspondence patterns in Khoisan languages
    Henry Honken. 1998. "Types of Sound Correspondence Patterns in Khoisan Languages." In Language, identity and conceptualization among the Khoisan, edited by Mathias Schladt. 15: 171-191. Rüdiger Köppe Verlag.
  24. The Kalahari Basin as an object of areal typology: a first approach
    Tom Güldemann. 1998. "The Kalahari Basin As An Object of Areal Typology: a First Approach." In Language, identity and conceptualization among the Khoisan, edited by Mathias Schladt. 15: 137-169. Rüdiger Köppe Verlag.
  25. African languages and their place in education in southern Africa (with special reference to Khoesan languages)
    Hovelmann, Wendy. 2000. "African Languages and Their Place in Education in Southern Africa (with Special Reference To Khoesan Languages)." In The state of Khoesan languages in Botswana, edited by Herman M. Batibo and Joseph Tsonope. 100-107. Tasalls Publ. & Books; Basarwa Languages Project, Univ. of Botswana & Univ. of Tromsø.
  26. A Concise Grammar of Ju/'hoan
    Dickens, Patrick J. 2005. "A Concise Grammar of Ju/'hoan." 17: 114. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe.
  27. The World Atlas of Language Structures
    2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.
  28. Patrick Dickens’s Ju/’hoan linguistics work: educational and political implications
    Megan Biesele. 1995. "Patrick Dickens’s Ju/’hoan Linguistics Work: Educational and Political Implications." In The complete linguist: papers in memory of Patrick J. Dickens, edited by Anthony Traill et al. 45-68. Rüdiger Köppe Verlag.
  29. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)
    Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)
    http://www.ethnologue.com/
  30. Khoisan groups and languages
    Lars-Gunnar Andersson and Tore Janson. 1997. "Khoisan Groups and Languages." In Languages in Botswana: language ecology in southern Africa, 123-142. Longman Botswana.