Hadza
Also Known As
Hatsa; Hadzabi; Wakindiga; Kangeju; Hadzapi; Kindiga; Tindiga;
Classification
Isolate; African
Orthography
No data
Language code (ISO 639-3)
hts
Variants & Dialects
Isanzu, Sukuma, Datooga
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Overview
Threatened
Native Speakers Worldwide
950
Domains of Use
No data
Speaker Number Trends
No data
Transmission
No data
Recent Resources
Language Information By Source
The twelve modern Khoisan languages
Threatened
Native Speakers Worldwide
950
Domains of Use
No data
Speaker Number Trends
No data
Transmission
No data
Speakers
Second-language speakers and learners
No data
Semi-speakers
No data
Child speakers
No data
Young adult speakers
No data
Older adult speakers
No data
Elder Speakers
No data
Ethnic Population
No data
Non-monolingual speakers
No data
More about speakers
"The number of Hadza speakers is most likely about 950, as all Hadza speak the Hadza language."
Year of info
2011
Location and Context
Countries
Central Tanzania
Coordinates
-3.612107, 35.315552
Location description
"The Hadza people live in the vicinity of Lake Eyasi and the adjacent areas, north of the Sandawe in the central part of Tanzania."
Government support
No data
Institutional support
No data
Speakers' attitudes
No data
Standard orthography
No data
Script (Writing system)
No data
Other writing systems
"The Hadza people live in the vicinity of Lake Eyasi and the adjacent areas, north of the Sandawe in the central part of Tanzania."
More on writing systems
No data
Other languages used
Isanzu, Sukuma, Datooga
Domains of other languages
No data
More on context
"In the south the Hadza are bilingual in Isanzu, and in the west in Sukuma. A number of Hadza speak Datooga in the central areas, but few know Iraqw"
Endangered
Native Speakers Worldwide
200-2000
Domains of Use
No data
Speaker Number Trends
No data
Transmission
No data
Speakers
Second-language speakers and learners
No data
Semi-speakers
No data
Child speakers
No data
Young adult speakers
No data
Older adult speakers
No data
Elder Speakers
No data
Ethnic Population
No data
Non-monolingual speakers
No data
More about speakers
No data
Year of info
1992
Location and Context
Countries
Tanzania
Coordinates
No data
Location description
"Tanzania, some distance northwest of the Sandawe, southeast of Lake Victoria... 'Kondoa and Mbulu Districts, near Lake Eyasi, mainly to the west.' [(Tucker and Brian 1956)]"
Government support
No data
Institutional support
No data
Speakers' attitudes
No data
Standard orthography
No data
Script (Writing system)
No data
Other writing systems
"Tanzania, some distance northwest of the Sandawe, southeast of Lake Victoria... 'Kondoa and Mbulu Districts, near Lake Eyasi, mainly to the west.' [(Tucker and Brian 1956)]"
More on writing systems
No data
Other languages used
No data
Domains of other languages
No data
More on context
No data
Endangered
Native Speakers Worldwide
~800
Domains of Use
No data
Speaker Number Trends
No data
Transmission
No data
Speakers
Second-language speakers and learners
No data
Semi-speakers
No data
Child speakers
No data
Young adult speakers
No data
Older adult speakers
No data
Elder Speakers
No data
Ethnic Population
No data
Non-monolingual speakers
No data
More about speakers
No data
Year of info
2007
Location and Context
Countries
No data
Coordinates
No data
Location description
"Southeast of Lake Victoria, near Lake Eyasi, Tanzania"
Government support
No data
Institutional support
No data
Speakers' attitudes
No data
Standard orthography
No data
Script (Writing system)
No data
Other writing systems
"Southeast of Lake Victoria, near Lake Eyasi, Tanzania"
More on writing systems
No data
Other languages used
No data
Domains of other languages
No data
More on context
"The Hadza appear to form a rather close-knit society traditionally, as a result of which their language may remain an important symbol of their ethnic identity for the coming generations."
Endangered
Native Speakers Worldwide
975
Domains of Use
No data
Speaker Number Trends
No data
Transmission
No data
Speakers
Second-language speakers and learners
No data
Semi-speakers
No data
Child speakers
No data
Young adult speakers
No data
Older adult speakers
No data
Elder Speakers
No data
Ethnic Population
No data
Non-monolingual speakers
No data
More about speakers
No data
Year of info
2010
Location and Context
Countries
No data
Coordinates
-3.401,35.3897
Location description
No data
Government support
No data
Institutional support
No data
Speakers' attitudes
No data
Standard orthography
No data
Script (Writing system)
No data
Other writing systems
No data
More on writing systems
No data
Other languages used
No data
Domains of other languages
No data
More on context
No data
Endangered
Native Speakers Worldwide
Several hundred
Domains of Use
No data
Speaker Number Trends
No data
Transmission
No data
Speakers
Second-language speakers and learners
No data
Semi-speakers
No data
Child speakers
No data
Young adult speakers
No data
Older adult speakers
No data
Elder Speakers
No data
Ethnic Population
~1000
Non-monolingual speakers
No data
More about speakers
No data
Year of info
2004
Location and Context
Countries
No data
Coordinates
No data
Location description
"Either side of the intermittent salt lake Eyasi in central Tanzania."
Government support
No data
Institutional support
No data
Speakers' attitudes
No data
Standard orthography
No data
Script (Writing system)
No data
Other writing systems
"Either side of the intermittent salt lake Eyasi in central Tanzania."
More on writing systems
No data
Other languages used
No data
Domains of other languages
No data
More on context
No data
Endangered
Native Speakers Worldwide
800
Domains of Use
No data
Speaker Number Trends
No data
Transmission
No data
Speakers
Second-language speakers and learners
No data
Semi-speakers
No data
Child speakers
No data
Young adult speakers
No data
Older adult speakers
No data
Elder Speakers
No data
Ethnic Population
800
Non-monolingual speakers
No data
More about speakers
No data
Year of info
2009
Location and Context
Countries
Tanzania;
Coordinates
No data
Location description
No data
Government support
No data
Institutional support
No data
Speakers' attitudes
No data
Standard orthography
No data
Script (Writing system)
No data
Other writing systems
No data
More on writing systems
No data
Other languages used
No data
Domains of other languages
No data
More on context
No data
No data
Native Speakers Worldwide
No data
Domains of Use
No data
Speaker Number Trends
No data
Transmission
No data
Speakers
Second-language speakers and learners
No data
Semi-speakers
No data
Child speakers
No data
Young adult speakers
No data
Older adult speakers
No data
Elder Speakers
No data
Ethnic Population
800
Non-monolingual speakers
No data
More about speakers
No data
Year of info
1983
Location and Context
Countries
Tanzania
Coordinates
No data
Location description
Lake Eyasi area, Central Tanzania
Government support
No data
Institutional support
No data
Speakers' attitudes
No data
Standard orthography
No data
Script (Writing system)
No data
Other writing systems
Lake Eyasi area, Central Tanzania
More on writing systems
No data
Other languages used
No data
Domains of other languages
No data
More on context
No data
Endangered
Native Speakers Worldwide
~200
Domains of Use
No data
Speaker Number Trends
No data
Transmission
No data
Speakers
Second-language speakers and learners
No data
Semi-speakers
No data
Child speakers
No data
Young adult speakers
No data
Older adult speakers
No data
Elder Speakers
No data
Ethnic Population
No data
Non-monolingual speakers
No data
More about speakers
No data
Year of info
2003
Location and Context
Countries
No data
Coordinates
No data
Location description
No data
Government support
No data
Institutional support
No data
Speakers' attitudes
No data
Standard orthography
No data
Script (Writing system)
No data
Other writing systems
No data
More on writing systems
No data
Other languages used
No data
Domains of other languages
No data
More on context
No data
Endangered
Native Speakers Worldwide
<1,000
Domains of Use
No data
Speaker Number Trends
No data
Transmission
No data
Speakers
Second-language speakers and learners
No data
Semi-speakers
No data
Child speakers
No data
Young adult speakers
No data
Older adult speakers
No data
Elder Speakers
No data
Ethnic Population
No data
Non-monolingual speakers
No data
More about speakers
No data
Year of info
2004
Location and Context
Countries
No data
Coordinates
No data
Location description
"North-central Tanzania, principally to the east and south of Lake Eyasi."
Government support
No data
Institutional support
No data
Speakers' attitudes
No data
Standard orthography
No data
Script (Writing system)
No data
Other writing systems
"North-central Tanzania, principally to the east and south of Lake Eyasi."
More on writing systems
No data
Other languages used
Swahili
Domains of other languages
No data
More on context
"Even today most Hadza children learn little Swahili in early years, and it is only among grown up men that knowledge of Swahili may be taken for granted."
No data
Native Speakers Worldwide
No data
Domains of Use
No data
Speaker Number Trends
No data
Transmission
No data
Speakers
Second-language speakers and learners
No data
Semi-speakers
No data
Child speakers
No data
Young adult speakers
No data
Older adult speakers
No data
Elder Speakers
No data
Ethnic Population
No data
Non-monolingual speakers
No data
More about speakers
No data
Year of info
2005
Location and Context
Countries
No data
Coordinates
-3.75,35.1666666667
Location description
No data
Government support
No data
Institutional support
No data
Speakers' attitudes
No data
Standard orthography
No data
Script (Writing system)
No data
Other writing systems
No data
More on writing systems
No data
Other languages used
No data
Domains of other languages
No data
More on context
No data
Endangered
Native Speakers Worldwide
800
Domains of Use
No data
Speaker Number Trends
No data
Transmission
No data
Speakers
Second-language speakers and learners
No data
Semi-speakers
No data
Child speakers
No data
Young adult speakers
No data
Older adult speakers
No data
Elder Speakers
No data
Ethnic Population
No data
Non-monolingual speakers
No data
More about speakers
No data
Year of info
Location and Context
Countries
No data
Coordinates
No data
Location description
No data
Government support
No data
Institutional support
No data
Speakers' attitudes
No data
Standard orthography
No data
Script (Writing system)
No data
Other writing systems
No data
More on writing systems
No data
Other languages used
No data
Domains of other languages
No data
More on context
No data
Media Resources
No resources
No resources
No resources
Filter By
No programs
- Demography of the Hadza: an increasing and high density population of savanna foragersBlurton Jones, Nicholas G., Lars C. Smith, James F. O’connell, Kristen Hawkes and C.L. Kamuzora. 1992. "Demography of the Hadza: An Increasing and High Density Population of Savanna Foragers." In American journal of physical anthropology, 89: 159-181.
- Tanzanian and Ugandan isolatesElderkin, Edward Derek. 1983. "Tanzanian and Ugandan Isolates." In Nilotic studies: proceedings of the international symposium on languages and history of the Nilotic peoples, Cologne, January 4-6, 1982, edited by Rainer Vossen and Marianne Bechhaus-Gerst. v. 2: 499-521. Dietrich Reimer Verlag.
- The demography of the Hadza: in historical perpspectiveDyson, Tim. 1977. "The Demography of the Hadza: in Historical Perpspective." In African historical demography: proceedings of a seminar held in the Centre of African Studies, University of Edinburgh, 29th and 30th April 1977, edited by Christopher Fyfe and David N. Mcmaster. 139-154. Centre of African Studies (CAS), Univ. of Edinburgh.
- Bone assemblages at base camps: a further considerations of carcass transport and bone destruction by the HadzaBunn, Henry T. 1993. "Bone Assemblages At Base Camps: a Further Considerations of Carcass Transport and Bone Destruction By the Hadza." In From bones to behavior: ethnoarchaeological and experimental contributions to the interpretation of faunal remains, edited by Jean Hudson. 138-155. Center for Archaeological Investigations, Southern Illinois Univ.
- Microtaxonomy: language and blood groups in the African HornFleming, Harold C. 1979. "Microtaxonomy: Language and Blood Groups in the African Horn." In Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Ethiopian studies, session B, April 13-16, 1978, Chicago, USA, edited by Richard Samuel Hess. 25-49. Univ. of Illinois Press.
- Antiquity of postreproductive life: are there modern impacts on hunter-gatherer postreproductive lifespans?Blurton Jones, Nicholas G., Kristen Hawkes and James F. O’connell. 2002. "Antiquity of Postreproductive Life: Are There Modern Impacts On Hunter-gatherer Postreproductive Lifespans?" In American journal of human biology, 14 , no. 2: 184-205.
- The global process and local ecology: how should we explain differences between the Hadza and the !KungNicholas G. Blurton Jones, Kristen Hawkes and James F. O’Connell. 1996. "The Global Process and Local Ecology: How Should We Explain Differences Between the Hadza and the !Kung." In Cultural diversity among twentieth-century foragers: an African perspective, edited by Susan Kent. 159-187. Cambridge Univ. Press.
- Modelling and measuring costs of children in two foraging societiesBlurton Jones, Nicholas G., Kristen Hawkes and James F. O’connell. 1989. "Modelling and Measuring Costs of Children in Two Foraging Societies." In Comparative socioecology, edited by V. Standen and R.A. Foley. Blackwell Scientific Publ.
- Foraging returns of !Kung adults and children: why didn’t !Kung children forage?Blurton Jones, Nicholas G., Kristen Hawkes and Patricia Draper [harpending]. 1994. "Foraging Returns of !Kung Adults and Children: Why Didn’t !Kung Children Forage?" In Journal of anthropological research, 50 , no. 3: 217-248.
- Differences between Hadza and !Kung children’s work: original affluence or practical reason?Blurton Jones, Nicholas G., Kristen Hawkes and Patricia Draper [harpending]. 1994. "Differences Between Hadza and !Kung Children’s Work: Original Affluence or Practical Reason?" In Key issues in hunter-gatherer research, edited by Ernest S. Burch jnr and Linda J. Ellana. 189-215. Berg.
- A cultural ecological comparative study of three African foraging societies: the net hunting BaMbuti, the southern Kahalari Bushmen, and the Central East African HadzapiBicchieri, Marco Giuseppe. 1969. "A Cultural Ecological Comparative Study of Three African Foraging Societies: the Net Hunting BaMbuti, the Southern Kahalari Bushmen, and the Central East African Hadzapi." In Contributions to anthropology: band societies, edited by David Damas. 172-183. National Museums of Canada.
- Auf den Spuren des Vormenschen: Forschungen, Fahrten und Erlebnisse ind Deutsch-Ostafrika (Deutsche Afrika-Expedition 1934-1936 und 1937-1939)Kohl-Larsen, Ludwig. 1943. "Auf Den Spuren Des Vormenschen: Forschungen, Fahrten Und Erlebnisse Ind Deutsch-Ostafrika (Deutsche Afrika-Expedition 1934-1936 Und 1937-1939)." 2 Bde: Strecker & Schröder.
- Bericht über meine Forschungen in Deutsch-Ostafrika (Afrikaexpedition 1934-1936 und 1937-1939) unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Fundstätten fossiler Menschenreste (mit Lichtbilder)Kohl-Larsen, Ludwig. 1939. "Bericht Über Meine Forschungen in Deutsch-Ostafrika (Afrikaexpedition 1934-1936 Und 1937-1939) Unter Besonderer Berücksichtigung Der Fundstätten Fossiler Menschenreste (mit Lichtbilder)." In Zeits. für Ethnologie, 71: 417-424.
- The impact of modernization policies on the hunter-gatherer Hadzabe: the case o education and language policies of postindependence TanzaniaKaare, Bwire T.M. 1994. "The Impact of Modernization Policies On the Hunter-gatherer Hadzabe: the Case O Education and Language Policies of Postindependence Tanzania." In Key issues in hunter-gatherer research, edited by Ernest S. Burch jnr and Linda J. Ellana. 315-331. Berg.
- The Hadza and the Iraqw in northern Tanzania: dermatographical, anthropometrical, odontometrical and osteological approachesIkeda, Jiro and Hayama Sugio. 1982. "The Hadza and the Iraqw in Northern Tanzania: Dermatographical, Anthropometrical, Odontometrical and Osteological Approaches." In African study monographs, 2: 1-26.
- From data and names of animals in Tindiga (Hadzapi - northern Tanzania - hunting tribe): about the characteristics of perceptionHuzioka, Yosinaru. 1973. "From Data and Names of Animals in Tindiga (Hadzapi - Northern Tanzania - Hunting Tribe): About the Characteristics of Perception." In Kyoto Univ. papers, 8: 187-204.
- Hadza children’s foraging: juvenile dependency, social arrangements and mobility among hunter-gatherersHawkes, Kristen, James F. O’connell and Nicholas G. Blurton jones. 1995. "Hadza Children’s Foraging: Juvenile Dependency, Social Arrangements and Mobility Among Hunter-gatherers." In Current anthropology, 36 , no. 4: 688-700.
- Are the African Pygmies an Ethnographic Fiction?Roger Blench. 1999. "Are the African Pygmies An Ethnographic Fiction?" In Central African Hunter-Gatherers in a Multidisciplinary Perspective: Challenging Elusiveness, edited by Karen Biesboruck et al. 41-60. Netherlands: Research School of Asian, African and Amerindian Studies (CNWS), Universiteit Leiden.
- The semantics of Hadza gender assignment: a few notes from the fieldEdenmyr, Niklas. 2004. "The Semantics of Hadza Gender Assignment: a Few Notes From the Field." In Africa & Asia: Göteborg working papers on Asian and African languages and literatures, 4: 3-19. Online: http://www.sprak.gu.se/digitalAssets/1324/1324069_the-semantics-of-hadza.pdf.http://www.sprak.gu.se/digitalAssets/1324/1324069_the-semantics-of-hadza.pdf
- ELF Grant Abstract: Documenting Hadza, an Endangered Language Isolate of TanzaniaMiller, Kirk. 2004. "ELF Grant Abstract: Documenting Hadza, An Endangered Language Isolate of Tanzania." Online: http://www.endangeredlanguagefund.org/ll_projects_2004.php.http://www.endangeredlanguagefund.org/ll_projects_2004.php
- World Oral Literature Project"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.http://www.oralliterature.org
- Atlas of the World’s Languages in DangerMoseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas
- Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)http://www.ethnologue.com/
- Archaeology and linguistic reconstructions of history in East AfricaAmbrose, Stanley Harmon. 1982. "Archaeology and Linguistic Reconstructions of History in East Africa." In The archaeological and linguistic reconstruction of African history, edited by Christopher Ehret and Merrick Posnansky. 104-157. Univ. of California Press.
- Crabs, turtles and frogs: linguistic keys to early African subsistence systemsBlench, Roger M. 1997. "Crabs, Turtles and Frogs: Linguistic Keys To Early African Subsistence Systems." In Archaeology and language, 1: theoretical and methodological orientations, edited by Roger M. Blench and Matthew Spriggs. 166-183. Routledge.
- The East African click languages: a phonetic comparisonTucker, Archibald Norman, Margaret Bryan and James Woodburn. 1977. "The East African Click Languages: a Phonetic Comparison." In Zur Sprachgeschichte und Ethnohistorie in Afrika, edited by Wilhelm J. G. Möhlig et al.. 301-323. Dietrich Reimer Verlag.
- Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled by research teams at University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute for Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) at Eastern Michigan University2012. "Endangered Languages Catalogue Project. Compiled By Research Teams At University of Hawai'i Mānoa and Institute For Language Information and Technology (LINGUIST List) At Eastern Michigan University."
- Tanzanian and Ugandan IsolatesElderkin, E. D. 1983. "Tanzanian and Ugandan Isolates." In Nilotic Studes: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Languages and History of the Nilotic Peoples, Cologne, January 4-6, 1982, edited by Rainer Vossen and Marianne Bechhaus-Gerst. 10: 499-521. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer.
- The East African Click Languages: A Phonetic ComparisonTucker, A. N., M. A. Bryan and James Woodburn. 1977. "The East African Click Languages: A Phonetic Comparison." In Zur Sprachgeschichte und Ethnohistorie in Afrika: neue Beiträge afrikanistischer Forschungen (Herrn Prof.~Dr.~Oswin Köhler zur Vollendung des 65.~lebensjahres gewidmet von seinen Schülern, Freunden und Kollegen, edited by Wilhelm J. G. Möhlig et al.. 300-322. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer.
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