Overview
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Awakening

Native Speakers Worldwide

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Domains of Use

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Speaker Number Trends

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Transmission

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Community Members

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Revitalization Programs

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Discussion Forum

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Language Information By Source

California Indian Languages
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Awakening

Native Speakers Worldwide

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Domains of Use

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Speaker Number Trends

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Transmission

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Speakers

Second-language speakers

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Semi-speakers

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Child speakers

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Young adult speakers

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Older adult speakers

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Elder Speakers

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Ethnic Population

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Non-monolingual speakers

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More about speakers

With the exception of 2 or 3 elderly rememberers of Tolowa at Smith River or of Lower Rogue River at Siletz, no native speaker of any Oregon Athabaskan variety survive[d] in 2010. The last fully fluent first-language speakers of Chetco-Tolowa and Rogue River died before 1990 ... Since 1980 a number of learners have acquired some degree of second-language fluency in Tolowa ... Much of the success of the Tolowa language revival is due to Loren Bommelyn, and the revitalization effort he spearheads has a broad cultural and religious base.

Year of info

2011

Location and Context

Countries

USA

Coordinates

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Location description

Sileltz and Grand Ronde reservations in Oregon, Smith River in northwest California

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers’s attitudes

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Standard orthography

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Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

Sileltz and Grand Ronde reservations in Oregon, Smith River in northwest California

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

English

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Critically Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

1

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

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Transmission

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Speakers

Second-language speakers

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Semi-speakers

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Child speakers

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Young adult speakers

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Older adult speakers

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Elder Speakers

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Ethnic Population

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Non-monolingual speakers

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More about speakers

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Year of info

2010

Location and Context

Countries

USA

Coordinates

41.9566,-124.1915

Location description

Oregon, California

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers’s attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

Oregon, California

More on writing systems

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Other languages used

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Domains of other languages

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More on context

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Native Speakers Worldwide

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Domains of Use

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Speaker Number Trends

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Transmission

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Speakers

Second-language speakers

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Semi-speakers

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Child speakers

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Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

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Elder Speakers

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Ethnic Population

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Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2010

Location and Context

Countries

USA

Coordinates

41.9566,-124.1915

Location description

Oregon, California

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers’s attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

Oregon, California

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Awakening

Native Speakers Worldwide

No data

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers

1

Semi-speakers

1

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

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Ethnic Population

1,000

Non-monolingual speakers

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More about speakers

"One elderly semispeaker in 2001 but growing numbers of younger emerging speakers with limited competence"(Golla 2007).

Year of info

2015

Location and Context

Countries

USA

Coordinates

No data

Location description

"California, Smith River Rancheria, near Crescent City."

Government support

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Institutional support

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Speakers’s attitudes

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Standard orthography

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Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

"California, Smith River Rancheria, near Crescent City."

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Awakening

Native Speakers Worldwide

No data

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers

1

Semi-speakers

1

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

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More about speakers

Tolowa is spoken by a few individuals at the Smith River Rancheria near Crescent City, California. It is nearly extinct as a first language (one elderly semi-speaker survives in 2001) but there is one fully fluent second-language speaker in his 40s.

Year of info

2008

Location and Context

Countries

USA

Coordinates

No data

Location description

Oregon, California: Smith River Rancheria near Crescent City, California.

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers’s attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

Oregon, California: Smith River Rancheria near Crescent City, California.

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

English

Domains of other languages

No data

More on context

No data

Critically Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

3

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

No data

Transmission

No data

Speakers

Second-language speakers

No data

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

No data

Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

No data

Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

No data

More about speakers

No data

Year of info

2009

Location and Context

Countries

USA

Coordinates

No data

Location description

California: in and around Smith River

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers’s attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

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Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

California: in and around Smith River

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

No data

Domains of other languages

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More on context

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Dormant

Native Speakers Worldwide

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Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

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Transmission

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Speakers

Second-language speakers

5

Semi-speakers

No data

Child speakers

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Young adult speakers

No data

Older adult speakers

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Elder Speakers

No data

Ethnic Population

No data

Non-monolingual speakers

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More about speakers

5 second language speakers of Siletz Dee-ni, one dialect variety of Tolowa.

Year of info

2012

Location and Context

Countries

USA

Coordinates

No data

Location description

Oregon

Government support

No data

Institutional support

No data

Speakers’s attitudes

No data

Standard orthography

No data

Script (Writing system)

No data

Other writing systems

Oregon

More on writing systems

No data

Other languages used

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Domains of other languages

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More on context

No data

Critically Endangered

Native Speakers Worldwide

4

Domains of Use

No data

Speaker Number Trends

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Transmission

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Speakers

Second-language speakers

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Semi-speakers

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Child speakers

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Young adult speakers

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Older adult speakers

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Elder Speakers

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Ethnic Population

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Non-monolingual speakers

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More about speakers

No data

Year of info

Location and Context

Countries

No data

Coordinates

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Location description

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Government support

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Institutional support

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Speakers’s attitudes

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Standard orthography

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Script (Writing system)

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Other writing systems

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Other languages used

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Domains of other languages

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More on context

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Media Resources

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Filter By

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  1. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger
    Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)
    http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas
  2. "The Tolowa (TOL) Athabaskan Lexicon and Text Collection Project: Recording the Last Speakers of the Tolowa Dee-ni' Language" NSF DEL Abstract
    Underriner, Janne 2009. "The Tolowa (TOL) Athabaskan Lexicon and Text Collection Project: Recording the Last Speakers of the Tolowa Dee-ni' Language" NSF DEL Abstract.
    http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=0854556&WT.z_pims_id=12816
  3. North America
    Victor Golla, Ives Goddard, Lyle Campbell, Marianne Mithun and Mauricio Mixco. 2008. "North America." In Atlas of the World's Languages, edited by Chris Moseley and Ron Asher. 7-41. Routledge.
  4. Endangered Languages of the United States
    Christopher Rogers, Naomi Palosaari and Lyle Campbell. 2010. "Endangered Languages of the United States." In Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger of Disappearing, edited by Christopher Moseley. 108-130. UNESCO.
  5. World Oral Literature Project
    "World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.
    http://www.oralliterature.org
  6. Tribe Revives Language on Verge of Extinction
    Kirk Johnson. 2012. "Tribe Revives Language On Verge of Extinction." NY Times. Online: http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/04/us/siletz-language-with-few-voices-finds-modern-way-to-survive.html?_r=2.
    http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/04/us/siletz-language-with-few-voices-finds-modern-way-to-survive.html?_r=2
  7. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 18th Edition
    Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds.). 2015. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Eighteenth edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com.
    http://www.ethnologue.com