Tolowa
Smith River; Chetco-Tolowa; Tolowa-Chetco; Smith River Athabaskan; Chetco; Siletz Dee-ni
Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit; Athabaskan; Pacific Coast Athabaskan
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tol
English
अस्खलित बोलणाऱ्यामूळ भाषकांची संख्या
वापर होत असलेले क्षेत्र
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भाषक संख्या कल
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Recent Resources
Siletz (Tolowa, Silet
Language Information By Source
अस्खलित बोलणाऱ्यामूळ भाषकांची संख्या
वापर होत असलेले क्षेत्र
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With the exception of 2 or 3 elderly rememberers of Tolowa at Smith River or of Lower Rogue River at Siletz, no native speaker of any Oregon Athabaskan variety survive[d] in 2010. The last fully fluent first-language speakers of Chetco-Tolowa and Rogue River died before 1990 ... Since 1980 a number of learners have acquired some degree of second-language fluency in Tolowa ... Much of the success of the Tolowa language revival is due to Loren Bommelyn, and the revitalization effort he spearheads has a broad cultural and religious base.
2011
Location and Context
USA
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Sileltz and Grand Ronde reservations in Oregon, Smith River in northwest California
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Sileltz and Grand Ronde reservations in Oregon, Smith River in northwest California
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अस्खलित बोलणाऱ्यामूळ भाषकांची संख्या
वापर होत असलेले क्षेत्र
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भाषक संख्या कल
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2010
Location and Context
USA
41.9566,-124.1915
Oregon, California
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Oregon, California
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अस्खलित बोलणाऱ्यामूळ भाषकांची संख्या
वापर होत असलेले क्षेत्र
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भाषक संख्या कल
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2010
Location and Context
USA
41.9566,-124.1915
Oregon, California
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Oregon, California
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अस्खलित बोलणाऱ्यामूळ भाषकांची संख्या
वापर होत असलेले क्षेत्र
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भाषक संख्या कल
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भाषक
1
1
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1,000
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"One elderly semispeaker in 2001 but growing numbers of younger emerging speakers with limited competence"(Golla 2007).
2015
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USA
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"California, Smith River Rancheria, near Crescent City."
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"California, Smith River Rancheria, near Crescent City."
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अस्खलित बोलणाऱ्यामूळ भाषकांची संख्या
वापर होत असलेले क्षेत्र
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भाषक संख्या कल
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Tolowa is spoken by a few individuals at the Smith River Rancheria near Crescent City, California. It is nearly extinct as a first language (one elderly semi-speaker survives in 2001) but there is one fully fluent second-language speaker in his 40s.
2008
Location and Context
USA
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Oregon, California: Smith River Rancheria near Crescent City, California.
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Oregon, California: Smith River Rancheria near Crescent City, California.
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अस्खलित बोलणाऱ्यामूळ भाषकांची संख्या
वापर होत असलेले क्षेत्र
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भाषक संख्या कल
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2009
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USA
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California: in and around Smith River
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California: in and around Smith River
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अस्खलित बोलणाऱ्यामूळ भाषकांची संख्या
वापर होत असलेले क्षेत्र
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भाषक संख्या कल
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भाषक
5
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5 second language speakers of Siletz Dee-ni, one dialect variety of Tolowa.
2012
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USA
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Oregon
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Oregon
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अस्खलित बोलणाऱ्यामूळ भाषकांची संख्या
वापर होत असलेले क्षेत्र
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भाषक संख्या कल
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Media Resources
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- Atlas of the World’s Languages in DangerMoseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas
- "The Tolowa (TOL) Athabaskan Lexicon and Text Collection Project: Recording the Last Speakers of the Tolowa Dee-ni' Language" NSF DEL AbstractUnderriner, Janne 2009. "The Tolowa (TOL) Athabaskan Lexicon and Text Collection Project: Recording the Last Speakers of the Tolowa Dee-ni' Language" NSF DEL Abstract.http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=0854556&WT.z_pims_id=12816
- World Oral Literature Project"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.http://www.oralliterature.org
- Tribe Revives Language on Verge of ExtinctionKirk Johnson. 2012. "Tribe Revives Language On Verge of Extinction." NY Times. Online: http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/04/us/siletz-language-with-few-voices-finds-modern-way-to-survive.html?_r=2.http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/04/us/siletz-language-with-few-voices-finds-modern-way-to-survive.html?_r=2
- Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 18th EditionLewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds.). 2015. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Eighteenth edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com.http://www.ethnologue.com
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